Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 18TYU
Test Your Understanding
Evaluate and Synthesize
18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning.
Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution
This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and
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1. Describe the interrelationships among the different gymnosperm lineages, as inferred from the two cladograms. What are the common patterns you see in the two figures, and in what ways do they differ?
2. Based on the cladograms , what can you say about an early interpretation or hypothesis that the gnetophytes are probably the sister lineage of the angiosperms? Support with the pattern you see in the cladograms.
3. Linnean- or rank based classification systems have placed the cycads, ginkgo, conifers and gnetophytes, respectively, into separate categories, of equal ranking (i.e., each gymnosperm group a Phylum or Division). Is the Linnaean classification of each gymnosperm group justifiable, based on the information shown in the figures?
Postlab: Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants &
Gymnosperms
1. What is the conspicuous form of the bryophytes? Is this form haploid or diploid?
2. The part that produces the male gametes is called the....?
3. The part that produces the female gametes is called the...
4. Spores are produced by which cell division process?
5. What is the conspicuous form of the seedless vascular plants? Is it haploid or diploid?
6. What are microspores? Where are they produced in gymnosperms?
7. Megaspores give rise to which structure in gymnosperms?
8. How are most gymnosperms pollinate
d?
9.
In gymnosperms, the material that nourishes the embryo derives from what tissue?
10. How can you visually differentiate a male from a female cone in pines?
Evolutionary Developmentà VASCULAR TISSUE
What is vascular tissue?
Seedless Vascular Plants (vascular tissue, no seeds)
How long ago do seedless vascular plants first appear in the fossil record?
Name 2 types of seedless vascular plants that are extant:
Evolutionary Developmentà SEEDS
What is a seed?
Seed Plants (vascular tissue, seeds)
How long ago do seed plants first appear in the fossil record?
There are 2 Types of Seed Plants:
Gymnosperms
Give 2 examples of modern plants that are gymnosperms:
Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Give 2 examples of modern plants that are angiosperms:
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 28.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Trace the steps in the life cycle of a pine and...Ch. 28.2 - Summarize the features that distinguish...Ch. 28.2 - Name and briefly describe the four phyla of...Ch. 28.2 - What is the dominant generation in the pine life...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 4C
Ch. 28.3 - Summarize the features that distinguish flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Briefly explain the life cycle of a flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Contrast monocots and eudicots, the two largest...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 28.3 - How do nonreproductive adaptations of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - How does the flowering plant life cycle differ...Ch. 28.3 - What are the two major classes of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 28.4 - Summarize the evolution of gymnosperms from...Ch. 28.4 - What features distinguish progymnosperms from seed...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the significant features of the oldest...Ch. 28.4 - Are monocots considered basal or core angiosperms?...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 2....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9....Ch. 28 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11....Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You...Ch. 28 - VISUALIZE Sketch a seed of a gymnosperm and of a...Ch. 28 - CONNECT How do the life cycles of seedless plants...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...
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- Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 14. VISUALIZE construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horse-tails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascular plants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowers. (Hint: To help you construct the cladogram, draw a simple table showing which characters are present in each group. See Fig. 23-9.) Figure 23-9 Constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysisarrow_forwardImagine that you are a systematist studying a group of little- known flowering plants. You discover that the phylogenetic tree based on flower morphology differs dramatically from the phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences. How would you try to resolve the discrepancy? Which tree would you believe is more accurate?arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 15. INTERPRET DATA According to the cladogram in Figure 27-5, which plants evolved first: nonvascular bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, or seed plants?arrow_forward
- Discuss Concepts Compare the size, anatomical complexity, and degree of independence of a Douglas fir female gametophyte and a dogwood female gametophyte. Which one is the most protected from the external environment? Which trend(s) in plant evolution does your work on this question bring to mind?arrow_forwardNow you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardLab 5: Land Plants Traits 8. Produce flowers in whorls for reproduction 9. Can be Monoecious or Dioecious 1. Non-vascular land plant Vascular land plant 2. 10. One cotyledon and multiples of 3 petals or 3. Seed-bearing sepals 4. Alternation of generations Dominant 1n gametophyte Dominant 2n sporophyte 11. Two cotyledons multiples of 4 or 5 petals or 5. sepals 6. 12. Parallel leave venation and scattered vascular 7. Produce strobili within cones for tissue reproduction 13. Pennate leave venation and ringed vascular tissue Traits Таха 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Outgroup Phylum Bryophyta Phylum Pterophyta Phylum Coniferophyta Phylum Cycadophyta Class Monocotyledonae Class Eudicotyledonae Labels: Gymnosperm; Angiosperm; Supergroup Archaeplastida 3.arrow_forward
- Need handwritten cursive answers if not i will rate boo Clade: Basal Angiosperms Order: Magnoliales Family: Magnoliaceae Representative species: Magnolia soulangeana Habit: Inflorescence: Floral Symmetry: Number of Sepals: Number of Petals: Number of Filaments: Number of Stigma: Ovary position: Fruit type: Other characteristics:arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 14. EVOLUTION LINK How may the following trends in plant evolution be adaptive to living on land? (a) dependence on water for fertilization no need for water as a transport medium (b) homospory heterosporyarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Seed plants lack which of the following structure(s)? (a) ovules surrounded by integuments (b) microspores and megaspores (c) vascular tissues (d) a large, nutritionally independent sporophyte (e) a large, nutritionally independent gametophytearrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9. After fertilization, the______________ develop(s) into a fruit and the ______________ develop(s) into a seed. (a) ovary; ovule (b) polar nuclei; ovule (c) ovary; endosperm (d) ovule; ovary (e) ovule; polar nucleiarrow_forwardTable 4 Comparison of Important Characteristics of Plants Trait Charophytes Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Gametophyte or sporophyte dominant Stomata (+/-) Cuticle (+/-) Water required for fertilization? Vascular tissue (+/-) Seeds present? Pollen present? Fruit present? Examplesarrow_forwardve AS Help Normal Liberation ... 12 BIU 4. In the phylogenetic tree of vascular plants below, all of the taxa directly under each box belong to the group in the box (i.e., the lycophytes include clubmosses, quillworts, and spikemosses). Which of the four boxed groups are monophyletic, and which are paraphyletic? What characteristic(s) would separate bryophytes from lycophytes? A - 三= bryophytes lycophytes seed plants angiosperms hornworts Amborella dicots Roots Seeds True leaves, roots Vascular tissue liverworts mosses clubmosses quillworts spikemosses ferns gymnosperms monocotsarrow_forward
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