Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 6P
Studies have indicated that for pairs of twins raised in the same family, the environmental similarity for monozygotic (MZ) twins is not significantly different from the environmental similarity for fraternal (dizygotic or DZ) twins. Why is this fact important for calculations of heritability?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The graphs below show antibiotic production from the same population of bacteria, grown in two different
environments-high glucose and low glucose.
Number
of
organisms
HIGH GLUCOSE
LOW GLUCOSE
Amount of antibiotic produced
If you calculate the heritability of antibiotic production for this population of bacteria when grown in low glucose
compared to when it is grown in high glucose, the estimated heritability value
Incorrect
will be smaller in the low glucose than in the high glucose.
will not be possible to estimate because you don't know the genotypic variation.
will be larger in the low glucose than in the high glucose.
will be the same in both environments.
X
X
There are two types of alleles:
Type B1 and Type B2
(In total there are 10)
Type B1 has 6
Type B2 has 4
Question:
What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [p^2] for B1?
What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [q^2] for B2?
What is the probability of an individual in the offspring gen being heterozygous[2pq]?
What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense or narrow sense) are obtained from human twin studies?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 22 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 22 - Suppose you grew genetically identical dandelion...Ch. 22 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 22 - Two different groups of scientists studying a rare...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 22 - Studies have indicated that for pairs of twins...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Table 22.2 lists concordance values for MZ and DZ...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Two alleles at one locus produce three distinct...Ch. 22 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 22 - Explain the similarities and differences between...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.14c, the fw2.2 causal gene was...Ch. 22 - Among the most prevalent pathologies that afflict...Ch. 22 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 22 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 22 - In GWAS analysis, because of the existence of LD...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.15: a. Why do some chromosomes in the...Ch. 22 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 22.17....Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - You conduct a Case/Control study comparing the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare, fatal...Ch. 22 - Through GWAS explorations, scientists have...Ch. 22 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 22 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 22 - In 2008, Time magazine named as its invention of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?arrow_forwardADHD is a highly heritable trait with published broad sense heritability estimates in the range of 0.6- 0.9. Larsson et al. 2014 (doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002493 ) reported the concordance values shown in the table below for pairs of monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) twins with data for male and female pairs shown separately, using data from the Swedish twin register (59,000 twin pairs, born between 1959 and 2001). Male MZ twins Male DZ twins Female MZ twins Female DZ twins 56% 16% 37% 13% Based on the data in this table, does ADHD appear to be more heritable in males or females? Provide one sentence of rationale to support your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the expected phenotypic ratio (expressed in lowest term) in the offspring of parents, both with blood type AB and heterozygous for the production of H substance? Note: A ratio expressed in lowest term is one in which there is no common factor among all the terms (e.g. 1:2:1 or 9:3:3:1).arrow_forward
- Orchids come in an amazing variety of colours. Scientists found that cloned Cattleya orchids have a phenotypic variance of 14, while wild Cattleya orchids have a phenotypic variance of 29. What is the broad-sense heritability of these orchids?arrow_forwardA cross was performed using Drosophila melanogaster involving a female known to be heterozygous for both ebony body and sepia eyes and a male known to be homozygous for both of these recessive traits. The following data was produced from the cross. Test these data to determine if they are significantly different from the expected phenotypic ratio. Remember to use the 5% level of significance Wild eye Wild body – 102, Wild eye Ebony body – 94, Sepia eye Wild body – 100, Sepia eye Ebony body – 93. Your answer should include the hypothesized cross in genotypes, the Chi-squared value, the critical value and whether you reject or do not reject.arrow_forwardWhat are the expected phenotypic ratios from the following cross:Tt Rr yy Aa × Tt rr YY Aa, where T = tall, t = dwarf, R = round,r = wrinkled, Y = yellow, y = green, A = axial, a = terminal; T, R,Y, and A are dominant alleles. Note: Consider using the multiplication method in answering this problemarrow_forward
- What is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this statistical distribution the same as the statistical distribution of the respective phenotypes?arrow_forwardWhat is Narrow-Sense Heritability ?arrow_forwardThe following genetic map describes three hypothetical human autosomal genes, each of which exhibits two alleles. Two-factor map distances are shown. A = Artistic (dominant) a = Inartistic (recessive) M = Moral (dominant) m = Immoral (recessive) G = Generous (dominant) g = Greedy (recessive) Assume that these traits exhibit simple Mendelian dominance/recessiveness. The coefficient of coincidence for this map is 0.4. An artistic, moral, generous heterozygous female of genotype AMG/amg marries an inartistic, immoral, greedy homozygous male of genotype amg/amg. What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, immoral and greedy? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, moral and generous? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be artistic, immoral and generous?arrow_forward
- The following are F2 results of two Mendel mono hybrid crosses. For each cross state a null hypothesis to be tested using x2 analysis. a) full pods 882 constricted pods 299 b) violet flowers 705 white flowers 224. Calculate the X2value and determine the p value for both. Interpret the p values. Can the deviation in each case be attributed to chance or not? Which of the two crosses shows a greater amount of deviation?arrow_forwardWhat are the expected phenotypic ratios (expressed as a number and description of phenotype) of the offspring of a cross between two dogs heterozygous for height and tail curl?arrow_forwardMany researchers have estimated the heritability of human traits by comparing the correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins (see pp. 731–732). One of the assumptions made in using this method is that monozygotic twin pairs experience environments that are no more similar to each other than those experienced by dizygotic twin pairs. How might this assumption be violated? Give some specific examples of how the environments of two monozygotic twins might be more similar than the environments of two dizygotic twins.arrow_forward
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