Chapter 21, Problem 4RQ

Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons.

a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane.

c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible.

d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes.

e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes.

f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.