Draw all the structural isomers for C 8 H 18 that have the following root name (longest carbon chain). Name the structural isomers. a. hexane b. pentane

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16E

Draw all the structural isomers for C₈H₁₈ that have the following root name (longest carbon chain). Name the structural isomers.

a. hexane

b. pentane

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16E

Draw all the structural isomers for C₈H₁₈ that have the following root name (longest carbon chain). Name the structural isomers.

a. hexane

b. pentane

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16E

Draw all the structural isomers for C₈H₁₈ that have the following root name (longest carbon chain). Name the structural isomers.

a. hexane

b. pentane

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16E

Draw all the structural isomers for C₈H₁₈ that have the following root name (longest carbon chain). Name the structural isomers.

a. hexane

b. pentane

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 16E

Answer

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Ethyl group is attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,2$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the given isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,5$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,5$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second and fifth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $2,5$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,3$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,3$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Two Methyl groups are attached to third carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,3$ -dimethylhexane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3,4$ -dimethylhexane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3,4$ -dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has six carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “hexane” is used. Methyl groups are attached to third and fourth carbon, thus the name of the isomer is $3,4$ -dimethylhexane.

Answer 15

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane are drawn and their names have been rightfully stated.

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name hexane and pentane are to be drawn and their names are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Rules given by IUPAC should be followed to name an organic compound. Any organic compound has only one name that denotes that compound. The root word determines the number of carbons while counting the longest carbon chain. If more than one substituent is present, prefixes like di, tri, tetra, etc. are used and different substituents are written in alphabetical order.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The structural isomers of $C8H18$ that have the root name pentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second carbon, ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $2$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group and ethyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $3$ -ethyl- $3$ -methylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to third carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 11

Figure 11

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to second carbon and one methyl group is attached to fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,2,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Two methyl groups are attached to third carbon and one methyl group is attached to second carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,3$ -trimethylpentane.

The structural isomer is given below and its name is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.

The structure of the isomer is,

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Chapter 21, Problem 16E , additional homework tip 13

Figure 13

The general formula of alkanes is $CnH2n$ . The given formula $C8H18$ satisfy the general formula of alkanes. Eight carbons means the the root word is “octane”. Thus the given formula signifies the organic compound octane.

Octane has eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens. $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane also have eight carbons and $18$ hydrogens, but its structure is different from octane. Therefore, $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane is a structural isomer of $C8H18$ .

The isomer has five carbons in the parent chain. Therefore the root word “pentane” is used. Methyl group is attached to second, third carbon and fourth carbon, therefore, the name of the isomer is $2,3,4$ -trimethylpentane.