Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 2, Problem 2Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The
Introduction:
Blood acts as the buffer system in our body. It helps in the transport of oxygen to tissues that get disrupted by even a small change in the pH of blood. The carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the
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In the biological fluids, such as blood, name two biomolecules that can act as the buffering
(1)
(f)
components. Explain how this is achieved.
An appropriate biochemical buffer should have charges in both its
conjugate acid and conjugate base form. This avoids the presence
of a neutral form of the buffer that might be able slowly leak into
cells. Does unmodified dimethylpiperazine meet this criterion
when buffering at pH 8?
O Yes
No
What about buffering at pH 4? D Yes
No
Consider the following pH titration curve of a diprotic acid. What is the approximate values for pka 1 and pka 2?
the curve is attached below.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- The pl of alkaline phosphatase is 4.5; the pl of the DEAE cellulose is 10.5. We used a buffer of pH 7.4 to run a DEAE-cellulose as anion exchange column? Explain how did this work?arrow_forwardThe oligopeptide GEHRKDYWCM was isolated from blood plasma. Calculate its net charge to the nearest 0.01 at pH 7.6. Show all calculationsarrow_forwardMixtures of amino acids can be analyzed by first separating the mixture into its components through ion‑exchange chromatography. Amino acids placed on a cation‑exchange resin containing sulfonate (−SO−3)(−SO3−) groups flow down the column at different rates because of two factors that influence their movement: (1) ionic attraction between the sulfonate residues on the column and positively charged functional groups on the amino acids, and (2) aggregation of nonpolar amino acid side chains with the hydrophobic backbone of the polystyrene resin. Note that the ionic attraction is more important than hydrophobicity for this column media. For each pair of amino acids, identify which will be eluted first from a cation‑exchange column using a pH 7.0pH 7.0 buffer.arrow_forward
- What volume of 0.1M NaOH (reagent) needs to be added to increase your 7.5 pH (buffer) by 0.5 pH units. The goal is to further purify MOPs (see image). Protonated form = 6.6 x 10.3^-3 mol/L Deprotonated form = 1.32 x 10^-2 mol/L Show calculations.arrow_forwardGlycine hydrochloride (Cl− H3N+CH2COOH) is a diprotic acid that contains a carboxylic acid group and an ammonium group and is therefore called an amino acid. It is often used in biochemical buffers. Solve, In analogy with Figure , sketch the titration curve of this diprotic acid.arrow_forwardThe enzyme phospholipase A2 has an optimal pH of 5.5. If a biochemist wants to set up an in vitro assay to screen inhibitors of this enzyme, which buffer system would be BEST?arrow_forward
- Calculate the [H+] and pKa from the pH of a solution of aweak acid– pH of a 0.02M solution of an acid was measured at 4.6 a) What is the [H+] of this solutionb) Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka and pKa for thisacidarrow_forwardConsider a buffer solution of acetate. The volume is 500 ml, the concentration is 200 mM, and the pH is 5.0. a. How many total moles of acetate plus acetic acid are present in the solution? Express answer as x.y with one digit before and one after the decimal place. b. What is the ratio of acetate ions (Ac-) to acetic acid ions (HAc) in the buffer solution (pH 5.0) if the pka is 4.76? Express the answer as x.yz with one digit before and two after the decimal place. c. How many moles of acetate are present in the solution? Express your answer to one decimal place. d. How many moles of acetic acid are present in the solution? Express your answer to one decimal place.arrow_forwardBriefly explain why water (H₂O) is an excellent solvent for NaCl. That is, why does NaCl dissolve in water?arrow_forward
- How many dissociable protons are present in Tris buffer? How did you come to this conclusion? Infer the pKa(s) of the dissociable protons in Trisarrow_forwardN-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7 with 400 mM NaCl. A A purified protein is in a Hepes dialysis membrane tube holds a 5.0 mL sample of the protein solution. The sample tube floats in a beaker containing 0.50 L of the same Hepes buffer, but with 0 mM NaCl, for dialysis. Small molecules and ions (such as Na*, CI", and Hepes) can to diffuse across the dialysis membrane, but the protein cannot. Assume there are no sample volume changes during the dialysis. Calculate the final concentration of NaCl in the protein sample once the dialysis has come to equilibrium. Calculate the final NaCl concentration in the 5.0 mL protein sample after dialysis in 300 mL of the same Hepes buffer, with 0 mM NaCl, twice in succession. [NaCl] after a single dialysis: [NaCl] after a double dialysis: mM mMarrow_forwardWhy is picric acid used for burns? Explain the principle involvedarrow_forward
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