To review:
The result of the accumulation of acetoacetic acid in blood in case of untreated diabetes, the ability of body in the maintenance of blood pH (potential of hydrogen) and the reason behind illness of the people suffering from this condition.
Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is also known as diabetes which is basically the group of
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Life: The Science of Biology
- During the treatment for COVID-19, one complication includes an increase of CO2 in the lungs. This buildup of CO2 can result in a serious condition called respiratory acidosis if the level of H+ significantly changes. If the pH drops by 1 unit, what has happened to the H+ concentration?arrow_forwardThe concentration ofacetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) in a sample can be determined from the pH changes thataccompany its hydrolysis. When the sample is incubated with the enzymeacetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine is converted to choline and acetic acid, whichdissociates to yield acetate and a hydrogen ion: In a typical analysis, 15 mL of an aqueous solution containing an unknown amount ofacetylcholine had a pH of 7.65. When incubated with acetylcholinesterase, the pH of thesolution decreased to 6.87. Assuming there was no buffer in the assay mixture, determinethe number of moles of acetylcholine in the 15 mL sample.arrow_forwardif pH level of solution changes from pH 5 to pH 2, how much acidity increased in that solution and why?arrow_forward
- What is the relationship between CO2 and pH in the blood? Explain.arrow_forwardConsidering the body’s pH balance is impacted by oxygen intake, why would the pH balance of blood plasma increase with rapid breathing? Conversely, why would the pH balance of blood plasma decrease if a person holds their breath?arrow_forwardConsider the decapeptide angiotensin I. Treatment of angiotensin I with ACE (the angiotensin-convertingenzyme) cleaves only the amide bond with the carbonyl group derivedfrom phenylalanine to afford two products. The larger polypeptide isangiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels and increasesblood pressure. Give the amino acid sequence of angiotensin II usingthree-letter abbreviations. ACE inhibitors are drugs that lower bloodpressure by inhibiting the ACE enzymearrow_forward
- Micky Mango is a 64-year-old male admitted to the emergency room for asthma. His laboratory results are as follows: pH 7.31, pCO2 higher than normal, and total HCO3– also higher than normal. Classify his acid-base balance as acidosis or alkalosis, and as metabolic or respiratory. Is there evidence of compensation? Propose the mechanism by which asthma contributed to the lab results seen.arrow_forwardGout—a condition that results in joint swelling and pain—iscaused by the formation of sodium urate (NaC5H3N4O3) crystalswithin tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. Sodium urate precipitatesout of blood plasma when uric acid levels become abnormallyhigh. This can happen as a result of eating too many rich foodsand consuming too much alcohol, which is why gout is sometimesreferred to as the “disease of kings.” If the sodium concentration inblood plasma is 0.140 M and Ksp for sodium urate is 5.76 * 10-8,what minimum concentration of urate results in precipitation?arrow_forwardHello, Can you help me with this question? can you provide lab values of PCO2, HCO3 and pH for a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis? Thank you in advance!arrow_forward
- What is Acidosis and Alkalosis? Don’t elaborate too much. Only write the DEFINITION and the pH level after which acidosis and alkalosis occurs.arrow_forwardBased on your understanding of the pH-partition theory, suggest a strategy for decreasing cocaine toxicity in the brain with simultaneous enhancement of the urinary excretion of the drug. Note that intracellular pH in the brain is approximately 7.2, plasma pH is 7.4, and pH of urine of this patient is around 6.arrow_forwardMetabolic alkalosis refers to a process whereupon decreased hydrogen ion, or increased bicarbonate, concentrations occur in the body, and the blood pH becomes too basic. Answer the following questions: How does the body regain its acid-base equilibria/balance? What happens when that balance does not happen? Will a buffer system still work under these conditions?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning