Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 7P
Provide a definition and an example for each of the following terms:
a. additive genes
b. concordance of twin pairs
c. multifactorial inheritance
d. polygenic inheritance
e. quantitative trait locus
f. threshold trait
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Students have asked these similar questions
Heritability of a biological trait is best defined as which of the following?
a.
The proportion of variation in a trait that is specifically due to genes.
b.
The proportion of variation in a trait that is due to the environment and genes
c.
The proportion of variation in a trait that is only due to dominant additive genetic variance.
d.
The proportion of variation in a trait due to developmental effects.
In a testcross, the parent that is homozygous recessive for the genes being studied is called the testcross parent. The parent that has the dominant phenotype of the genes being studied is called the non-testcross parent.Which of the following is NOT a reason that a testcross is a useful technique when studying the inheritance of a trait?
a. A testcross can determine if an individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
b. The relative frequencies of the different phenotypes among the testcross progeny can be used to map linked genes.
c. Because the testcross parent can contribute only recessive alleles, the alleles contributed by the other parent will be expressed in the offspring of the testcross.
d. The gametes produced by the testcross parent are determined from the testcross progeny.
Identify the term that best matches the definition or description given.
a. incomplete dominance
b. codominance
f. linked genes
g. sex-linked trait
h. bioinformatics
c. heterozygous advantage
d. continuous variation
i. genetic profile
j. genomics
e. polygenic trait
61. a trait controlled by many genes
62. a trait found on the X or Y chromosome
63. Neither allele completely conceals the other.
64. when there is a survival benefit to individuals with two different alleles
65. using computer technology to analyze databases of information
66. Both alleles are equally expressed.
67. genes that are on the same chromosome
68. a range in gene expression resulting from the activity of many genes
69. the complete genotype of an individual
70. the study of the complex interactions in genes resulting in phenotypes
Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 19 - Which of the following traits would you expect to...Ch. 19 - 19.2 For the traits listed in the previous...Ch. 19 - Compare and contrast broad sense heritability and...Ch. 19 - 19.4 In a cross of two pure-breeding lines of...Ch. 19 - 19.5 Describe the difference between continuous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - 19.7 Provide a definition and an example for each...Ch. 19 - 19.8 What is a random sample, and why can a random...Ch. 19 - 19.9 Why is heritability an important phenomenon...Ch. 19 - 19.10 Three pairs of genes with two alleles each (...
Ch. 19 - 19.11 In selective breeding experiments, it is...Ch. 19 - 19.12 Two inbred lines of sunflowers produce...Ch. 19 - What is quantitative trait locus (QTL)? Suppose...Ch. 19 - 19.14 In Nicotiana, two inbred strains produce...Ch. 19 - 19.15 Suppose the length of maize ears has narrow...Ch. 19 - In a line of cherry tomatoes, the average fruit...Ch. 19 - 19.17 Two purebreeding wheat strains, one...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - During a visit with your grandparents, they...Ch. 19 - 19.20 An association of racehorse owners is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Suppose a polygenic system for producing color in...Ch. 19 - New Zealand lamb breeders measure the following...Ch. 19 - Cattle breeders would like to improve the protein...Ch. 19 - In human gestational development, abnormalities of...Ch. 19 - The children of couples in which one partner has...Ch. 19 - Answer the following in regard to multifactorial...Ch. 19 - 19.28 Suppose the mature height of a plant is a...Ch. 19 - A three-gene system of additive genes (A, B, and...Ch. 19 - 19.30 Congenital dislocation of the hip is a...Ch. 19 - A total of 20 men and 20 women volunteer to...
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- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forward.A) To determine if a human trait is heritable, we would best study Group of answer choices. I think it's A. Please explain your answer I'm trying to understand the material a. monozygotic twins that were raised separately, in different environments. b. monozygotic twins that have been raised under similar conditions. c.only distantly related individuals. d. all males or all females. B). To say that a trait exhibits “high heritability” is to say that a. a given set of genes has no influence on a trait. b. there is no difference in genotype between members of the population at the loci in question. c. in a given environment and population, genetic differences have a high degree of influence on the trait compared to environmental influences. d. there is no difference in character between two individuals with the same genotype in question. C). If two populations with identical genetic makeup are raised in different environments, the narrow-sense heritability of a trait of…arrow_forward
- a. What is a complex trait? How many genes do we expect to affect a complex trait? b. How linkage (and linkage disequilibrium) relates to a GWAS?arrow_forwardThe data are generated from an initial parental cross. One parent displays the disease phenotype and one displays the wild-type (WT) phenotype. The WT parent always has a homozygous genotype. Your task is to perform a chi-square goodness of fit test on each of two F2 data sets, and make a decision, based on your statistical analyses as to which F2 data set provides greater evidence for indicating the correct mode of inheritance. In this problem, the true mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. Evidence is measured in the following ways: the p-value is greater than 0.05, so we do not reject the null hypothesis, and the p-value is closer to 1. A few things of which to be mindful. 1. In the parental generation, the WT parent always has a homozygous genotype. 2. For the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, the disease gene always homozygous for the disease allele in the parental generation. 3. For the autosomal dominant, homozygous lethal any person with the disease…arrow_forward1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used todetermine the genotype of a specific phenotype? 3)What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the definition of the term named Dominant trait? a.Refers to genes that have identical alleles b.Genetic constitution of an organism c.Alternative form of a gene d.Trait expressed in the F1 generation e.Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity f.Physical expression of traits of an organismarrow_forwardList and explain the five (5) mode of inheritance in pedigree analysis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation? a. The dominant allele is represented with an uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented with a lowercase letter. b. A Punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of a parental cross. c. Dominant alleles are always expressed in a homozygous or heterozygous individual. d. A Bb individual will produce B and b alleles, while a bb individual will only produce a b allele.arrow_forward
- When a disease is due to polygenic inheritance, the following is probably true: A. Many factors, both genetic and environmental, contribute to the disease traits. B. It is caused by one gene with a large number of alleles. C. It affects a large number of people. D. It has many different symptomsarrow_forwardAssumptions: . If the parent expresses the trait, they are homozygous dominant If the child/children express the trait but the parents do not, the parents are heterozygous. Traits selected: Brown Hair/Eyes And Widows Peak Write the Letters you will be using n the Punnet square for each trait: _Ww Bb_and_ww Bb_ Father Genotype: WW Bb Mother Genotype: ww Bb Parent Gametes possible gametes: possible gametes: Do you have the phenotype of either of the traits in the cross? If you do, which one? Are there any other offspring with either trait? Which trait? Which phenotypic probability did you fall into? Which phenotypic probability did other offspring fall into? Iarrow_forwardThe chart below is showing 4 generations of a family that is affected by a hereditary disease. a. Is the disorder being tracked dominant or recessive? How do you know? b. There is only one possible genotype for person C. True or False? c. What are the possible genotypes for person A? d. What are the possible genotypes for person B?, e. If two people with the same genotypes as person C's spouse and person A's spouse had a child, what is the probability that the child will be affected by this genetic disorder? (draw a Punnett square using the correct genotypes to help you). % chance offspring will be affected % chance offspring will not be affectedarrow_forward
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