Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 9P
Figure 18.6 shows a picture of Glofish ®, transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) that express GFP, RFP, and some of their derivatives. Glofish® were the first GM pets. Genes can be transferred into the zebrafish genome using a transposable element called Tol2 from medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). The Tol2 transposon serves as a vector for gene transfer in a manner similar to Drosophila P elements as shown in Fig. 18.4. To use the Tol2 vector, researchers inject two-cell stage zebrafish embryos with two DNAs: One DNA expresses the Tol2 transposase gene, while the other recombinant transposon contains the transgene. If the transposon hops into a chromosome of a germ-line cell, a stable line of transgenic fish can be established.
Scientists have synthesized several different genes encoding derivatives of GFP and RFP. The derivatives have amino acid changes that alter their color, so that fish glowing green, red, orange, blue, or purple are available in many pet stores.
| a. | Diagram the two recombinant DNA constructs needed to generate the fluorescent fish. |
| b | Why is a transposon from medaka fish used rather than a zebrafish transposon? |
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Researchers have identified a gene (FR) responsible for watermelon resistance to infection by Dacus curcurbitae (a close relative of Drosophila melanogaster). They isolate RNA from resistant (FR+) and sensitive (fr-) watermelons and use a probe that will recognize both FR+ and fr- transcripts. They also isolate protein from resistant and sensitive watermelons and perform a Western blot using an antibody that can recognize the fr- and FR+ protein. Describe the results illustrated below and give a plausible molecular explanation for these observations.
A research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.
In the module, you have learned about P-element mediated transgenesis in Drosophila and the concept of using transgenes to rescue mutant phenotypes. In the figure below, you will see a wild type fly with its natural eye colour and three mutants with their eye colours changed to vermillion, white and rosy, respectively. A schematic of P-element mediated transgenesis (as shown in the lectures) is also included in the figure. Please inspect the schematic carefully and choose which of the following statements is true:
I.
Injection of the white experimental transgene into the vermillion mutant embryo will not change the vermillion mutant phenotype
II.
Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant embryo will change rosy eye colour to red (wild type)
III.
Injection of the white experimental transgene in the white mutant embryo will not change the white mutant phenotype
IV.
Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 18 - Match each of the terms in the left column to the...Ch. 18 - Mice are usually gray, but a mouse geneticist has...Ch. 18 - Sometimes, genes transferred into the mouse genome...Ch. 18 - In mice, a group of so-called Hox genes encode...Ch. 18 - The fly eyes shown in Fig. 18.7 are malformed...Ch. 18 - This problem concerns a technique called enhancer...Ch. 18 - Fish and other organisms that live in the Arctic...Ch. 18 - a. Describe two ways you could potentially make a...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.6 shows a picture of Glofish ,...Ch. 18 - Some people are concerned about the possible...
Ch. 18 - The goal of the Knockout Mouse Project is to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - a. Which genome manipulation technique would you...Ch. 18 - a. Diagram a knockin construct that could have...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - The transcription factor Pax6 is required...Ch. 18 - Mouse models for human genetic diseases are...Ch. 18 - One way to determine where inside a cell a protein...Ch. 18 - In Problem 5 in Chapter 17, you saw that a SNP...Ch. 18 - Scientists now routinely use CRISPR/Cas9 to make...Ch. 18 - Geneticists are currently considering using...Ch. 18 - a. Figures 18.9 and 18.12 demonstrated methods to...Ch. 18 - Nonhomologous end-joining NHEJ of a double-strand...Ch. 18 - One problem that researchers sometimes encounter...Ch. 18 - Researchers at the University of California at San...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - F. Port and S. Bullock at the University of...Ch. 18 - On Fig 18.14, locate the PAM site and identify the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Recall that Leber congenital amaurosis LCA, a form...Ch. 18 - One potential strategy for gene therapy to correct...Ch. 18 - Recently, scientists have used a mouse model for...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Genome-wide RNAi screens target expression of > 16,000 genes. Explain how each of these 16,000+ bacterial strains would be engineered in order that they only cause gene silencing of the intended target.arrow_forwardTermicin is a small antifungal protein in termites that is produced by cells and secreted into termite saliva in response to a pathogen. In vitro translation of the termicin-encoding gene is performed, and the effects of that product are compared to those of termicin extracted from a termite. You see that extracted termicin exhibits more antifungal behavior than in vitro translated termicin. After further analysis, you see that extracted termicin contains 3 disulfide bonds, while in vitro translated termicin contains zero. The addition of microsomes to the in vitro translation reaction results in termicin with all 3 disulfide bonds. What experimental condition is most likely responsible for this difference? A. in vitro translation was not performed at the correct temperature affecting protein folding B. a mutation occurred during in vitro translation, leading to differences in disulfide bond formation O C. the UPR can not be activated in vitro, therefore, this protein can only be…arrow_forwardSuppose a researcher previously cloned gene Y into M13 bacteriophage vector. Gene Y encodes a product called peptide Y. A region of gene Y contains the DNA sequence ATG-CGC-GAA-CTG-GTG-AAC-TAA. The researcher wishes to change a Val residue to an Ala residue in this region of peptide Y using site-directed mutagenesis. What should be the sequence of the mutant oligonucleotide primer in this region? You may use a codon table. mutant oligonucleotide primer sequence: GGC-GGC-GAA-CTG-GTG-AAC-TAA Incorrectarrow_forward
- To produce transgenic plants, plant tissue is exposed to Agrobacteriumtumefaciens and then grown in media containing kanamycin, carbenicillin, and plant growth hormones. Explain the purpose behind each of these three agents. What would happen if you left out the kanamycin?arrow_forwardi) Suppose we want to insert the GFP sequence after the promoter of a gene X to create a fusion protein. Please describe the strategy that you will follow to edit this gene with CRISPR-Cas9 technology, in order to visualize the expression of gene X in live cells. (ii) Please explain how a knockout mouse for a gene X can be produced with CRISPR-Cas9 technologyarrow_forwardA graduate student studying the pathogenic bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii made cDNA from planktonic cells and biofilm cells and performed RNA-Seq on both samples. She aligned her sequencing reads to a locus of the baumannii genome as shown. a. Which genes are on an operon together? Explain which data supports this? b. What is the most expressed transcript from the locus in Planktonic culture? c. Order the transcripts from largest increase in relative expression between biofilm and planktonic cells to the largest decrease in relative expression. d. When this data was compared to microarray transcriptional profiling, the microarray data provided lower expression levels for the most highly expressed transcripts. Why did this occur?arrow_forward
- Analyzing Cloned Sequences A base change (A to T) is the mutational event that created the mutant sickle cell anemia allele of beta globin. This mutation destroys an MstII restriction site normally present in the beta globin gene. This difference between the normal allele and the mutant allele can be detected with Southern blotting. Using a labeled beta globin gene as a probe, what differences would you expect to see for a Southern blot of the normal beta globin gene and the mutant sickle cell gene?arrow_forwarda gm animal that may be approved for human consumption by the time this book is published is a super muscly pig made by inactivation of the myostatin gene. During normal development, myostatin protein prevents the overgrowth of muscles. (Given that effective deletions can be made in the genome by using CRISPR/Cas9. It targets deletions of varied length. By this technique, the transcriptional status of the target gene is not affected. The gene deletions produced by CRISPR/Cas9 lead to the production of the correct type of junctions at very high frequencies), how could the super muscly pig have been generated? Answer the questions in the photo as well. ( i included my answer for 22a in the question above, if you believe you have a better answer by all means include that as well)arrow_forwardA hypothetical gene for cephalosporin resistance is found to be carried by a transposon. Explain what a transposon is. Then explain how the cephalosporin resistance could be horizontally transferred between organisms by transformation, conjugation, and transduction. What steps/events would have to occur to allow the transposon to be transferred by each method. Also, explain how it could be transferred vertically between organisms.arrow_forward
- In the bacteriophage T7 system used to express recombinant proteins, the gene of interest is fused to T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase is separately cloned into the same cell. What is the main reason this system uses T7 RNA polymerase instead of relying on the bacterial RNA polymerase? To restrict the expression of bacterial protein expression To enhance the amount of recombinant protein expression To enhance the expression of bacterial protein expression To restrict the amount of recombinant protein expression To enable the expression of T7 viral protein expressionarrow_forwardGiven the following genotypes, explain, by answering the questions in each number, how the mutation (identified by a (-) superscript) will affect E. coli grown in lactose medium. Will there be a complete set ofgene products? (Yes/No) Will the lac operon be turnedon/off? Will the cell survive? (Yes/No) a. i + p + o + z - y + b. i + p - o + z + y + c. i + p + o - z + y +arrow_forwardImagine that a new strain of E. coli is discovered, and it contains the following novel genetic region including the lacI gene and the lac operon: *see image* Upstream of the promoter associated with the lac operon, there is a new operator element "Oν" (O-"nu"). This new operator has high sequence homology to O1, the DNA element that is bound with the highest affinity by the lac repressor. What would be the impact of this new genetic element regarding behavior of the operonin the absence (vs. the presence) of lactose and allolactose? Answer in terms of the protein levels of the lac repressor, as well as the proteins encoded by the genes lacZ/Y/A in the downstream region of the operon. Remember that proteins, once expressed/generated, will not persist forever, and that they have a natural lifetime (ending when they are degraded by the cell).arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY