Chapter 18, Problem 61A

Why can ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and ${\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}$ be used interchangeably in chemical equations?

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason of using ions $H^{+}and{H}_3{O}^{+}$ interchangeably in equations is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

In equations of ionization of acid in aqueous medium, both are used interchangeably. It is based on ionic interactions.

Answer to Problem 61A

Hydrogen ions exist as $H_3{O}^{+}$ cluster in aqueous medium. Towrite it in simplified form it is written as $H^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

$H^{+}$ is electron deficient species which is present on water. In water, oxygen of water carries lone pair of electrons so it donates its electrons and gets hydrated and exists as $H_3{O}^{+}$ even also as $H_5{O}_2{}^{+},H_7{O}_3{}^{+}$ ions.

Conclusion

Thus, $H^{+}$ exist as $H_3{O}^{+}$ cluster in aqueous medium. Towrite it in simplified form it is written as $H^{+}$