Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The balance chemical equations for two successive ionization of carbonic acid in water are to be written. The conjugate-base pair is also to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The concept of conjugate acid-base pair is given by Arrhenius.
According to it,
Acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.
When acid donates
Polyprotic acid is the acid which can give more than one proton in aqueous solution.
Acids are classified into monoprotic, diprotic and triprotic acid according to number of hydrogen ions it gives in aqueous solution.
Answer to Problem 98A
First ionization equation:
Acid:
Base:
Conjugate base:
Conjugate acid:
Second ionization equation:
Acid:
Base:
Conjugate base:
Conjugate acid:
Explanation of Solution
Carbonic acid is diprotic. It has two acidic protons. So it ionizes as:
First ionization equation:
Second ionization equation:
By Bronsted-Lowry concept:
In first equation,
Acid:
Base:
Conjugate base:
Conjugate acid:
In second equation,
Acid:
Base:
Conjugate base:
Conjugate acid:
Carbonic acid is diprotic. It has two acidic protons. So it ionizes in two steps.
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