Chapter 18, Problem 105A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of acid is to be identified based on Lewis, Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry.

Concept introduction:

According to Lewis concept,

Acid is a substance which is electron acceptor and base is a substance which is electron donor.

According to Arrhenius,

Acid is a substance which gives hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which gives hydroxyl ions in aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry,

Acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 105A

All Arrhenius acids are Bronsted acids and vice-versa because their definition of acid is same.

Many Lewis acids can’t give hydrogen ion that’s why they can‘t classified as Arrhenius or Bronsted-Lowry acids.

Explanation of Solution

Let’s take example to understand:

$AlC{l}_3$is a Lewis acid as it is electron deficient and accepts electron from donor species. But it can’t give $H^{+}$. Therefore, it is not Arrhenius or Bronsted-Lowry acid.

Conclusion

All Arrhenius acids are Bronsted acids.

All Bronsted acids are Arrhenius acids.

But all Lewis acids are not Arrhenius or Bronsted-Lowry acid.