Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 17, Problem 35RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
1. The effect of penicillin on urine production.
2. The impact of Vitamin C on the urine output.
Introduction:
Kidneys are a vital part of the body. Blood is filtered in the kidneys and the waste products are eliminated in the urine. Nephrons are regarded as the functional as well as the structural units of the kidneys and their various parts are engaged in the filtration of blood and production of urine.
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Which of the following pathways best describe the structures which urine has to flow through before being excreted out of the body? (Hint: some structures may be omitted, so just make sure the general order is correct)
1-Collecting duct -> bladder -> ureter
2-Collecting duct -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra
3-Collecting duct -> urethra -> bladder -> ureter
4-Major calyx -> minor calyx -> renal pelvis -> urethra
a) Describe in your own words the formation of urine in the body.
b) Explain the pathway that urine takes from the kidneys to the outside of the body.
Use key terminology
What condition would a patient have if they excreted greater than 150 mg of protein per day?
What diagnostic information can be obtained by an elevated urine microalbumin?
Proteinuria can be classified as ___ or ___.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 17 - Describe the "theme" of kidney function in a...Ch. 17 - Draw and label the tubular components of a nephron...Ch. 17 - Trace the course of tubular fluid from the...Ch. 17 - Trace the course of blood flow through the kidney...Ch. 17 - Describe the structures that plasma fluid must...Ch. 17 - Describe the forces that affect the formation of...Ch. 17 - Explain the significance of the glomerular...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 17 - Describe the mechanisms for salt and water...Ch. 17 - Compare the transport of and water across the...
Ch. 17 - Describe the interaction between the ascending and...Ch. 17 - Explain how ADH helps the body conserve water. How...Ch. 17 - Define renal plasma clearance and describe how...Ch. 17 - Define the terms reabsorption and secretion. Using...Ch. 17 - Explain why the total renal blood flow can be...Ch. 17 - Define transport maximum and renal plasma...Ch. 17 - Describe the effects of aldosterone on the renal...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11bCPCh. 17 - Explain the mechanisms by which the cortical...Ch. 17 - Explain how the kidneys reabsorb filtered...Ch. 17 - Suppose a person with diabetes mellitus had an...Ch. 17 - List the different categories of clinical...Ch. 17 - Explain why most diuretics can cause excessive...Ch. 17 - Define uremia and discuss the dangers associated...Ch. 17 - Which of these statements about the renal pyramids...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Active transport of...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Active transport of...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Passively permeable to...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Passively permeable to...Ch. 17 - Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of...Ch. 17 - Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and...Ch. 17 - Substance X has a clearance greater than zero but...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9RACh. 17 - About of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is...Ch. 17 - Diuretic drugs that act in the nephron loop...Ch. 17 - The appearance of glucose in the urine a. occurs...Ch. 17 - Reabsorption of water through the tubules occurs...Ch. 17 - Which of these factors oppose(s) filtration from...Ch. 17 - The countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta...Ch. 17 - The kidneys help to maintain acid-base balance...Ch. 17 - Scientists currently believe that the main barrier...Ch. 17 - A drug that blocks the action of the organic anion...Ch. 17 - Explain how glomerular ultra filtrate is produced...Ch. 17 - Describe the transport properties of the nephron...Ch. 17 - Prob. 21RACh. 17 - Prob. 22RACh. 17 - Prob. 23RACh. 17 - Prob. 24RACh. 17 - Identify where secretion occurs in the nephron,...Ch. 17 - Which diuretic drugs do not produce hypokalemia?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 27RACh. 17 - Prob. 28RACh. 17 - Prob. 29RACh. 17 - Prob. 30RACh. 17 - Prob. 31RACh. 17 - Prob. 32RACh. 17 - s Suppose a woman with a family history of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 34RACh. 17 - Prob. 35RACh. 17 - Prob. 36RACh. 17 - Prob. 37RACh. 17 - Prob. 38RACh. 17 - Prob. 39RACh. 17 - Prob. 40RACh. 17 - Prob. 41RACh. 17 - Prob. 42RA
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- Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forwardThe following substances are normal constituents in urine. Determine their metabolic origins in the human body. Urea - Creatinine- Indican - Uric acid- 2.Why is analysis of urine important in the diagnosis of diseases?arrow_forwardA person ate a bag of salty potato chips but did not drink any fluids. What is the effect of this on his urine concentration and the rate of urine production. Explain the mechanisms involved.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asaparrow_forwardWhat happens to urine concentration and volume when a person is dehydrated? (Please explain what specifically occurs in the kidneys)arrow_forward1) The function of the vasa recta is to _______? A) deliver O2 and nutrients to the renal medulla without reducing its osmolarity B) prevent the concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in the renal medulla from getting too high C) prevent the concentration of urea in the renal medulla from getting too high D) deliver urea to the nephrons so that it can be excreted from the bodyarrow_forward
- Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks, coffee, and tea instead of water has caused us to be chronically dehydrated. Discuss the impact of this dehydration on overall health and how concentrated urine, indicated by its yellow color, signals the need for more water consumption, while clear and colorless urine indicates that water intake is sufficient.arrow_forwardThe presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.arrow_forwarda) How does the kidney regulate blood volume and pressure? b) Explain the role of both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems in the regulation of lower urinary tract function and sphincter control.arrow_forward
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