Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 17, Problem 38RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
1. The xenobiotics and their excretion in the urine along with the carriers involved.
2. The interference of xenobiotics elimination with a medical treatment.
Introduction:
The renal system in the body is associated with the formation of urine, maintaining the fluid balance and the elimination of harmful substances from the blood. The renal system monitors the level of dissolved materials in the blood and excretes the materials that are unwanted, and present in an excess amount.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 17 - Describe the "theme" of kidney function in a...Ch. 17 - Draw and label the tubular components of a nephron...Ch. 17 - Trace the course of tubular fluid from the...Ch. 17 - Trace the course of blood flow through the kidney...Ch. 17 - Describe the structures that plasma fluid must...Ch. 17 - Describe the forces that affect the formation of...Ch. 17 - Explain the significance of the glomerular...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 17 - Describe the mechanisms for salt and water...Ch. 17 - Compare the transport of and water across the...
Ch. 17 - Describe the interaction between the ascending and...Ch. 17 - Explain how ADH helps the body conserve water. How...Ch. 17 - Define renal plasma clearance and describe how...Ch. 17 - Define the terms reabsorption and secretion. Using...Ch. 17 - Explain why the total renal blood flow can be...Ch. 17 - Define transport maximum and renal plasma...Ch. 17 - Describe the effects of aldosterone on the renal...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11bCPCh. 17 - Explain the mechanisms by which the cortical...Ch. 17 - Explain how the kidneys reabsorb filtered...Ch. 17 - Suppose a person with diabetes mellitus had an...Ch. 17 - List the different categories of clinical...Ch. 17 - Explain why most diuretics can cause excessive...Ch. 17 - Define uremia and discuss the dangers associated...Ch. 17 - Which of these statements about the renal pyramids...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Active transport of...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Active transport of...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Passively permeable to...Ch. 17 - Match the following items:
Passively permeable to...Ch. 17 - Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of...Ch. 17 - Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and...Ch. 17 - Substance X has a clearance greater than zero but...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9RACh. 17 - About of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is...Ch. 17 - Diuretic drugs that act in the nephron loop...Ch. 17 - The appearance of glucose in the urine a. occurs...Ch. 17 - Reabsorption of water through the tubules occurs...Ch. 17 - Which of these factors oppose(s) filtration from...Ch. 17 - The countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta...Ch. 17 - The kidneys help to maintain acid-base balance...Ch. 17 - Scientists currently believe that the main barrier...Ch. 17 - A drug that blocks the action of the organic anion...Ch. 17 - Explain how glomerular ultra filtrate is produced...Ch. 17 - Describe the transport properties of the nephron...Ch. 17 - Prob. 21RACh. 17 - Prob. 22RACh. 17 - Prob. 23RACh. 17 - Prob. 24RACh. 17 - Identify where secretion occurs in the nephron,...Ch. 17 - Which diuretic drugs do not produce hypokalemia?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 27RACh. 17 - Prob. 28RACh. 17 - Prob. 29RACh. 17 - Prob. 30RACh. 17 - Prob. 31RACh. 17 - Prob. 32RACh. 17 - s Suppose a woman with a family history of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 34RACh. 17 - Prob. 35RACh. 17 - Prob. 36RACh. 17 - Prob. 37RACh. 17 - Prob. 38RACh. 17 - Prob. 39RACh. 17 - Prob. 40RACh. 17 - Prob. 41RACh. 17 - Prob. 42RA
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- Describe the reason why kidney exchange rarely uses extended cycles that contains more than 3 pairs of agentsarrow_forwardOne model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?arrow_forwardExplain how dialysis, osmosis, passive transport, and active transport play key roles in the formation of urine.arrow_forward
- Match the following descriptions of transport processes with the appropriate terms. filtration secretion excretion absorption reabsorption ___ process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body ___ process by which a chemical passes through a membrane or tissue surface and becomes incorporated into a body fluid or tissue ___ process by which hydrostatic pressure forces fluid through a capillary wall ___ process by which chemicals are extracted from the blood and moved into the tubular fluid ___ process of reclaiming solutes from the tubular fluid and returning them to the bloodarrow_forwardWith respect to the renal system, what is reabsorption? Why is it important? Please mention exactly what impact reabsorption has on the body when it occurs in the different parts of the nephron for the different ions like: HCO3, H2O, K+, NaCl, Ca++ and Nutrients and water, etc.arrow_forward30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration ratearrow_forward
- Discuss the formation of urine by the kidneys at the molecular level (ammonia to urea).arrow_forwardWrite down the Similarities and dissimilarities of Urinary tract infection (UTI) management in man and woman? Or, Compare and contrast of UTI management in man and woman? Please explain at your own words.arrow_forwardTab. 2. Morphological changes in the case of damage to the epithelial cells of the renal tubules (H&E micropreparations and electronograms) I. Normal epithelium of renal tubules Mark the corresponding elements in all the pictures: 1 - lumen of renal tubules 2 - nephrocyte nuclei 3- cytoplasm of nephrocytes 4- eosinophilia of the cytoplasm of nephrocytes 5- granules in the cytoplasm of nephrocytes II. Describe the morphological changes: III. Describe the morphological changes:arrow_forward
- Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks, coffee, and tea instead of water has caused us to be chronically dehydrated. Discuss the impact of this dehydration on overall health and how concentrated urine, indicated by its yellow color, signals the need for more water consumption, while clear and colorless urine indicates that water intake is sufficient.arrow_forwardPlease help me with this!! a) Draw a diagram either on paper or an electronic device to explain how the nephrons work. b) Add a description of what happens in each part of the nephron to your diagram. c)Find a definition of the three important processes for the production of urine (filtration, reabsorption, fluid recovery).arrow_forwardConsider a drug which is exogenous to the body. The drug is filtered, but not secreted, reabsorbed, or metabolised by the kidneys. The drug is constantly infused in a patient to maintain a plasma concentration of 2mg/L. 24 hour urine collection shows the drug being excreted at a rate of 400µg/min. What is this patient's GFR? 50ml/min 100ml/min 150ml/min 200ml/min 400ml/minarrow_forward
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