Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(d)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Show the structures of the missing substance(s) in each of the following acid-base equilibria. a. CH3CH2NH2 + H2O ? + OH b. Diethylamine + H2Oarrow_forwardWhat is the product of this acid base reaction assuming a 1:1 reaction? H₂N + HCI NH₂arrow_forwardPlace an arrow the the box to indicate which direction the acid-base equilibria lies.arrow_forward
- The conjugate base of benzoic acid is used as a 72 preservative. Write the equilibrium reaction for this weak acid in aqueous solution. ОН Benzoic acid a. What substances are present at equilibrium? b. At equilibrium, are reactants or products favored, and why? c. Are the concentrations of benzoic acid and benzoate constant or changing at equilibrium? d. What happens to the equilibrium if more hydronium ions are added to the reaction? e. Label the conjugate acid-base pairs.arrow_forwardConsider the acidity constants below to answer the following question. ACID phenol ethanol water phenol ethanol water STRUCTURE none of the above PhOH Which acid will almost completely react with NaOH? CH3 CH₂OH HOH pka 10.00 16.00 15.74arrow_forwardLabel each reactant and product in this reaction as a Brønsted acid or base. HCN+NH−2↽−−⇀CN−+NH3arrow_forward
- based on the reactivity trend for carboxylic acid derivatives state whether the following conversion are likely to occur (or not) 1. Ester to amide 2. Acid anhydride to acid halide 3. Acid anhydride to ester 4. Amide to esterarrow_forwardMost acidic intermediate acidic least acidicarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid? 1. a compound that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions 2. a compound that accepts a hydrogen ion 3. a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions 4. a compound that donates a hydrogen ionarrow_forward
- Predict the direction of equilibrium in the following reaction. Explain your answer. 요요 -ll + NH₂ + NH3arrow_forwardWhat is the carboxylate salt produced when pentanoic acid reacts with KOH? CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH + KOH = ? pentanoate potassium ion potassium hydronium potassium pentanoate ? + H₂O potassium pentanoic acidarrow_forwardWhich member of each pair is the stronger base? a. ethylamine or aniline b. ethylamine or ethoxide ion c. phenolate ion or ethoxide ion d. phenolate ion or acetate ionarrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning