Chapter 16, Problem 96A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The behavior of solubility in water of the gases given in the graph is to be explained due to the increase in temperature.

Concept Introduction: Solubility of any substance is defined as the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent. Where solute is the gas and the solvent is the water while referring to the solubility of the gases.

The solubility of the gas in a liquid is the volume of gas in cubic centimeters that can be dissolved in a unit volume of liquid at a given temperature.

Many factors affect the solubility of the gases namely:

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Nature of gas and the liquid medium

Answer to Problem 96A

The solubility of the gases decreases with an increase in temperature.

Explanation of Solution

When gas (Solute) is dissolved in water (Solvent), thermal energy is released; therefore, making the solution warmer. This heat overcomes the attractive forces between the gas molecules thereby decreasing the solubility of the gas in the solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The temperature at which gases become virtually insoluble is to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The rise in temperature decreases the solubility of the gases in water/liquid.

Answer to Problem 96A

From the given graph, at the temperature of $100°\text{C}$ , the gases will become virtually insoluble.

Explanation of Solution

From the given graph the solubility is taken on the y -axis and the temperature on the x -axis. The graphs fall when at the maximum temperature, therefore, indicating that gases are insoluble at the higher temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The solubility behavior shown in the graph is to be explained using the kinetic theory of gases.

Concept Introduction: Kinetic theory of gases is a thermodynamic model which expresses the gas as a large particle of sub-microscopic particles like atoms and molecules, which are in constant, rapid, random motion.

Answer to Problem 96A

The kinetic energy of gases increases with an increase in temperature.

Explanation of Solution

From the given graph, it was clear that a rise in temperature decreases the solubility of gases. Since the heat is more, there are random atomic/molecular collisions that increase the kinetic energy.