Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 50P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for the formation and usage of glucose at the same time, by the muscle cells needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Fermentation is the process in which pyruvate is fermented to lactic acid or alcohol. Lactic acid is formed in the lactic acid fermentation process, and alcohol is formed in the alcohol fermentation process. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis process.
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Students have asked these similar questions
. Avidin is a protein that binds extremely tightly to biotin.
Therefore, it is a potent inhibitor of biotin-requiring enzyme reac-
tions. Consider glucose biosynthesis from each of the following
substrates and predict which of these pathways would be inhibited
by avidin.
(a) Lactate
(b) Oxaloacetate
(c) Malate
(d) Fructose-6-phosphate
(e) Phosphoenolpyruvate
Help filling in the blanks:
The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can be transferred into the cytosol and interconverted in one enzymatic step to produce [oxaloacetate/glucose/PEP/pyruvate] for use in the pathway of [glycolysis/gluconeogenesis]. A product of the urea cycle, derived from aspartate, can also be converted to malate in one enzymatic step and shuttled into the mitochondria so that the urea cycle product can be used in [fatty acid synthesis/the citric acid cycle/β-oxidation]. The amino group from aspartate can be transferred to [oxalacetate/malate/fumarate/pyruvate/a- ketoglutarate] to form glutamate, which is then transported into the mitochondria. In fact many amino acids are transaminated in this way to form glutamate in the cytosol. In this way, incoming amino acids from the bloodstream can be shuttled into the liver mitochondria as glutamate for conversion by glutamate dehydrogenase to [glutamate/a-ketoglutarate…
a- During intense exercise the transformation glucose to lactate causes very less ATP production compared to aerobic glycolysis. Explain, does anaerobic glycolysis lead to waste of energy in muscle?
b-Glycogen phosphorylase enzyme catalyzes the removal of glucose from glycogen. Describe, glycogen metabolism regulation through glycogen phosphorylase.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1PCh. 16 - Prob. 2PCh. 16 - Prob. 3PCh. 16 - Prob. 4PCh. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - Prob. 7PCh. 16 - Prob. 8PCh. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11PCh. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Prob. 15PCh. 16 - Prob. 16PCh. 16 - Prob. 17PCh. 16 - Prob. 18PCh. 16 - Prob. 19PCh. 16 - Prob. 20PCh. 16 - Prob. 21PCh. 16 - Prob. 22PCh. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - Prob. 24PCh. 16 - Prob. 25PCh. 16 - Prob. 26PCh. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - Prob. 28PCh. 16 - Prob. 29PCh. 16 - Prob. 30PCh. 16 - Prob. 31PCh. 16 - Prob. 32PCh. 16 - Prob. 33PCh. 16 - Prob. 34PCh. 16 - Prob. 35PCh. 16 - Prob. 36PCh. 16 - Prob. 37PCh. 16 - Prob. 38PCh. 16 - Prob. 39PCh. 16 - Prob. 40PCh. 16 - Prob. 41PCh. 16 - Prob. 42PCh. 16 - Prob. 43PCh. 16 - Prob. 44PCh. 16 - Prob. 45PCh. 16 - Prob. 46PCh. 16 - Prob. 47PCh. 16 - Prob. 48PCh. 16 - Prob. 49PCh. 16 - Prob. 50PCh. 16 - Prob. 51PCh. 16 - Prob. 52PCh. 16 - Prob. 53PCh. 16 - Prob. 54PCh. 16 - Prob. 55PCh. 16 - Prob. 56PCh. 16 - Prob. 57PCh. 16 - Prob. 58PCh. 16 - Prob. 59PCh. 16 - Prob. 60PCh. 16 - Prob. 61P
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- This is an application question. You are not expected to know anything about the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Cellular respiration is regulated at many points in the pathway. When ATP levels are high in the cell, NADH molecules accumulate and bind to pyruvate dehydrogenase (the enzyme complex involved in the oxidation of pyruvate) at a site other than the active site to prevent the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. This is an example of... O competitive inhibition O allosteric activation O transcriptional cofactors O allosteric inhibitionarrow_forward. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reactionarrow_forwardNeed help. Question:- Why might it make good metabolic sense for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase instead of pyruvate carboxylase to be the primary target for the regulation of gluconeogenesis at the enzyme level?arrow_forward
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