Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 3CS
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged woman taking the breast cancer drug Tamoxifen for ten years became concerned when she saw a news report with disturbing information. In some women, the drug made their cancer more aggressive and more likely to spread. Other women with breast cancer, the report stated, do not respond to Tamoxifen at all, and 30 to 40 percent of women who take the drug eventually become resistant to chemotherapy. The woman contacted her oncologist to ask some questions:
Why does it seem that some drugs are thought to be safe one day and declared unsafe the next day?
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1. Describe & explain the pathophysiology of cancer based on the diagram.
Reference:
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/cancer-etiology-pathophysiology-types-diagnosis-and-
treatment/
Acquired (environmental)
DNA damaging agents:
• chemical
• radiation
viruses
Activation of growth-
promoting oncogenes
NORMAL CELL
DNA Damage
Failure of DNA
repair
Mutations in the
genome of somatic cells
Alteration of genes
that regulate
apoptosis
Malignant neoplasm /
Successful DNA
repair
CANCER
Inherited mutations:
• Genes affecting DNA
repair
• Genes affecting cell
growth
Expression of altered gene
products and loss of regulatory
gene products
Inactivation of cancer
suppresor genes
Clonal expansion
Additional mutations
(progression)
T
Heterogeneity
Need detail explanation
Scenario:
A 56-year-old client was diagnosed with aggressive bone cancer that required a below the knee amputation of the left leg 14 months ago. The client received recommended chemotherapy and radiation, but it was found recently that the cancer has metastasized to the chest and skull. There is lymph node involvement with a primary tumor partially obstructing the right kidney. The client was readmitted 4 days ago for removal of the remaining portion of the left leg and was told that there is no appropriate surgical or medical intervention that would be beneficial at this point in the disease process. The interdisciplinary health care team has recommended palliative care upon discharge since the client’s life expectancy is between 3 and 5 months. The client has developed a mutually respectful relationship with a nurse on the unit who has provided care throughout all previous hospitalizations. The client shares with the licensed practical nurse (LPN) that, “I…
CASE STUDY Cancer-killing bacteria
Ralph, a 57-year-old man, was diagnosed with colon cancer.His oncologist discussed the use of radiation andchemotherapy as treatments, both of which can causedebilitating side effects. Ralph decided to explore other optionsand went to a cancer clinic. He learned that researchers in asynthetic biology program were testing the use of geneticallymodified bacterial cells designed to selectively invade specifictumors and kill cancer cells, with no effects on normal cells.Ralph decided to participate and was informed that he wouldbe part of a phase III trial, comparing the effects of the modifiedbacterial cell treatment against conventional chemotherapy.However, as part of the trial, he would be randomly assigned toreceive one or the other treatment. He was disappointed to learnthis, because he assumed that he would receive the bacterialtherapy.Question: Informed consent is legally and ethically required beforesomeone participates in a clinical trial.…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 16 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 307....Ch. 16 - What is the relationship between signal...Ch. 16 - Where are the major regulatory points in the cell...Ch. 16 -
5. Describe kinases and cyclins. How do they...Ch. 16 - (a) How does pRB function to keep cells at the G1...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between saying that cancer...
Ch. 16 -
8. What is apoptosis, and under what...Ch. 16 - Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation...Ch. 16 - A genetic variant of the retinoblastoma protein,...Ch. 16 -
11. Part of the Ras protein is associated with...Ch. 16 - If a cell suffers damage to its DNA while in S...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 16 - How do normal cells protect themselves from...Ch. 16 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 16 - Explain how environmental agents such as chemicals...Ch. 16 - Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation)...Ch. 16 - Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 24PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 25PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 26PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 28PDQ
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