Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group . Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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What is the physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the following carboxylic acids at room temperature? a. Oxalic acid b. Decanoic acid c. Hexanoic acid d. Benzoic acid Classify the two carboxylic acids in each of the following pairs as (A) both dicarboxylic acids, (B) both monocarboxylic acids, or (C) one dicarboxylic and one monocarboxylic acid. 1. Glutaric acid and valeric acid 2. Adipic acid and oxalic acid 3. Caproic acid and formic acid 4. Succinic acid and malonic acid Each of the following acids contains an additional type of functional group besides the carboxyl group. For each acid, specify the non-carboxyl functional group present. 9. Acrylic acid 10. Lactic acid 11. Maleic acid 12. Glycolic acid 13. Fumaric acid 14. Pyruvic acid 15. Malic acid 16. Tartaric acid What type of chemical reaction does carboxylic acid undergo in the following situations? 17. synthesis of methyl salicylate 18. reaction with a strong alkali 19. occurs in aqueous solution 21. release of…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for succinic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for octanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for pentanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for p-chlorobenzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the physical state of succinic acid at room temperature. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, and the melting and boiling point are high.

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Chapter 16 Solutions