Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 14.5, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The following parts for the given deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence:
a. The complementary sequence for the DNA strand.
b. The strand which can be used as a template for transcription and its reason.
c. The sequence of the transcribed mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid), and the amino acid sequence of the translated peptide.
Introduction:
The process of DNA synthesis, mRNA synthesis, and protein synthesis is called replication, transcription, and translation, respectively. This is collectively called central dogma that takes place in each and every cell of an organism. It helps in passing on the genetic information to the progenies without any changes.
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3. Given the following DNA molecule:
3'
T
5'
cG G T АА А АСТ
А
| | |
| | | | | |
| |
АT G C САТ ТТТGА
5' -
A 3.
Complete the protein synthesis for the partial DNA sequence for a normal FGFR3 gene (TOP) and mutated FGFR3
gene (BOTTOM).
Remember, when filling in mRNA, use capital letters
only. When filling in amino acids, use three letters, with
the first letter capitalized. If you do not use this format,
your answer may be marked wrong.
DNA
CCG
TTC
GGG
GAA
ССС
MRNA
Amino
Acid
DNA
CCG
TTC
GGG
GAA
TCC
MRNA
Amino
Acid
-Write down the complementary DNA sequence.
TACCTAGCG CACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT
-Write down the complementary mRNA sequence for each of the following DNA sequence.
A: TACCTAGCGCACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT
B:
TAC ATG GTT ACA GTC TAT TAG ATG CTA TTT ACT TAG
-If the first G changes to A what kind of mutation will happen? Show the change in amino acid sequence.
This is base substitutions involve the replacement of one nucleotide with another. And it changes one amino acid coding, producing a missense mutation
TAC CTA GCA CAC ATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT
TAC CTA ACACACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT
Chapter 14 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- a. Use the genetic code provided in class to predict the sequence of protein formed from the following RNA strand. CGCUACAUCUUU b. If a gene mutation results in a frame shift, meaning the RNA sequence being read shifts rover by a base, and the translation machinery codes, instead, using the nucleotide sequence below, what is the amino acid sequence in the resulting portion of protein? GCUACAUCUUUA c. If a gene mutation results in a point mutation, meaning a single nucleotide is converted to a different nucleotide base, and the translation machinery codes, instead, using the nucleotide sequence below, what is the amino acid sequence in the resulting portion of protein? CGCUCCAUCUUU d. Which mutation is more likely to result in a slightly altered, but still functional, protein, the frame shift mutation or the point mutation? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Consider the following DNA mRNA sequence: 5’-ACTGATCCATGCCAGGGGTTTTCAACTAAAATGAAA-3’ a) What is the template sequence this mRNA was transcribed from? Include 5’ and 3’ labels. b) Based on this sequence, what you predict would be the resulting peptide sequence from it. c) In examining this sequence what is the proper reading frame of the open reading frame? (+1, +2, +3, -1, -2, or -3). d) What would you predict the peptide sequence to be if there was the following mutation that led to a base change: 5’-ACTGATGCATGCCAGGGGTTTTCAACTAAAATGAAA-3’arrow_forwardThe template strand of a segment of double-helical DNA contains the sequence – 5’-CTT-AAC-ACC-CCT-GAC-TTC-GCG-CCG-CAT-3’ a. What is the base sequence of the complementary strand of DNA? Indicate the 5’ and the 3’ ends. b. What is the base sequence of the mRNA that can be transcribed from this template DNA strand? Indicate the 5’ and the 3’ ends. c. What amino acid sequence can be coded by the mRNA in (b) starting from the 5’ end (or the N terminal amino acid)?arrow_forward
- B. A polypeptide has 51 amino acids in its primary structure. (i) What is the minimum number of DNA bases required to code for the amino acids in this polypeptide. Show your calculation. (ii) Does AUG appear in the first three nucleotides in the mRNA coding for this mRNA? Explain why.arrow_forward(a.) When a mutation occurs to the given sequence of DNA, it will be; 5' CTATAAGGCGCAAATTCCTGCCAT 3' Then the mRNA sequence will be, 5' GAUAUUCCGCGUUUAAGGACGGUA 3' Amino acids - (Asp Leu Pro Arg Leu Arg Thr Val) (b.) When a mutation occurs to the given sequence of DNA, it will be; 5' CTATAAGGCGGAAATCCCTGCCAT 3' Then the mRNA sequence will be, 5' GAUAUUCCGCCUUUAGGGACGGUA 3' Amino acids - (Asp Leu Pro Pro Leu Gly Thr Val) (c.) When a mutation occurs to the given sequence of DNA, it will be; 5' CTATAAGGCTCAAATCCCTGCCAT 3' Then the mRNA sequence will be, 5' GAUAUUCCGAGUUUAGGGACGGUA 3' Amino acids - (Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Gly Thr Val) (d.) When a mutation occurs to the given sequence of DNA, it will be; 5' CTATAAGGCGCAAATCCCTCCAT 3¹ Then the mRNA sequence will be, 5' GAUAUUCCGCGUUUAGGGAGGUA 3' Amino acids - (Asp Leu Pro Arg Leu Gly Arg).As the last sequence contains only 2 bases it will not represent any amino acid. question: Choose the types of mutations caused by the changes in parts…arrow_forward4a) Write out the protein sequence (the amino acids, in order) encoded by the mRNA sequence: 5'AUGCGACCUAGCUAUGGA3'arrow_forward
- Consider the following DNA sequence:CATGTGTAGTCTAAAa. Write the sequence of the DNA strand that would be repli-cated from this one.b. Write the sequence of the RNA molecule that would betranscribed from the DNA strand.c. State how many codons the sequence specifies.d. State how many amino acids the sequence specifiesarrow_forwardConsider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides: 5’ – CUU AAA CCA GUU – 3’ a. What is the template DNA sequence that was used to synthesize this portion of mRNA? b. What is the amino acid order produced from this mRNA? c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CUU to CAU. Is this likely to affect protein function?arrow_forwarda. Use the parent strand as a template to synthesize mRNA strand. Describe how the mRNA strand is generated and regulated. Indicate the direction of synthesis. b. Synthesize a polypeptide from the mRNA.arrow_forward
- Please help me to answer the TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS: 1. Briefly describe the synthesis of mRNA in the transciptuon process 2. Write the base sequence for the mRNA that would be formed during transcription from the DNA strand with the base sequence GCCATATTG. Thank you very much for your help.arrow_forwardRefer to the DNA sequence provided: 3’ -TACTGAAGCGGCAGCCCCGCATGAGTAGACCTTACT-5’ a. What is the mRNA transcript of the anticoding strand of the DNA model? b. What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain that will be translated from the mRNA in (a)?arrow_forward(b) Hemoglobin is made of B-globin subunits. The first few mRNA nucleotides for B- globin are given by: (1) (iii) (iv) Write down the DNA sequence that has led to this mRNA and indicate the sense and non-sense strands and the polarity. CE Derive the polypeptide for the sequence using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 below) and indicate the polarity of the polypeptide chain. First Position (5' end) U A single point mutation in mRNA sequence can cause sickle cell anemia by changing the amino acid Glu to Val. For the given mRNA, indicate the point mutations for the first Glu in the polypeptide sequence that can cause this disease. 5'-AUGGUCCACCUGACUCCUGAGGAGAAG...UGA-3' C The polypeptide of B-globin contains the amino acid Leu. Write down all the anticodons of the tRNA molecules that can potentially code for Val. Indicate the polarity of the anti-codon. A G Table 1. The Codons of the Genetic Code Second Position U Phe Phe Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Ile Ile Ile Met-Start Val Val Val…arrow_forward
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