Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 14.3, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason behind errors in transcription being 100,000 times more than in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and forbearance of the same.
Introduction:
The central dogma of molecular biology explains that the flow of information in all the living cells is from DNA to ribonucleic acid (RNA) to proteins. In order to synthesize the proteins, the cell must first pass down the information on the gene (DNA sequence) to RNA molecule by the process of transcription.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Why are primers required in DNA replication but not in transcription?
Elaborate repair mechanisms that prevent permanent mutations in DNA are associated with replication, yet no similar repair process is associated with transcription. Can you think of a reason for this difference between replication and transcription? (Hint: Think about the relative effects of a permanent mutation in a DNA molecule and one in an RNA molecule.)
DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence
5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’
Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why?
Presence of start codon
Absence of start codon
Due to mutation
If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)?
Substitution of C with G
No change4
Deletion of
Both I & III
Chapter 14 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- In eukaryotes, the Replication factor C (RFC) is a clamp loader. In the absence of RFC, what would be the consequences to the outcome of DNA replication? Explain.arrow_forwardCytosine can be deaminated to form Uracil What type of mutation is this classified as? Discuss what happens to the base-pairing properties from switching from C to U? When U is replicated in two rounds of synthesis, what substitution does this result in? Before Uracil alters the DNA during replication, what repair system can be used to correct this error? Describe how this type of DNA repair works?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotic cells, the length of the transcribed RNA is almost equal to the corresponding DNA strand. True or false?arrow_forward
- Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’1. If the above DNA strand is the coding (sense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?arrow_forwardFrom standpoint of replication and transcription, explain how RNA polymerase is allowed to incorporate the first nucleotide whereas DNA polymerase needs a primer. Explain how this difference impacts the process of replication and transcription.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FLASE a) DNA positively supercoils during replication and negatively supercoils in transcription. b) The proteins and other substances that bind to the DNA rely mostly on covalent interaction to deliver the effects on the DNA.arrow_forward
- DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’a) Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? I. Presence of start codonII. Absence of start codonIII. Due to mutationb) If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)?I. Substitution of C with GII. No changeIII. Deletion of CIV. Both I & IIIarrow_forwardExplain why two metal ions play important role on the palm domain of DNA polymerase.arrow_forward1)give 3 differences between replication in prokaryotes and replication in Eukaryotes 2)For each item in the following table, decide whether it is related or involved in transcription, translation or replication. 1. Splicing 2. Stop codon 3. Lagging strand 4. RNA polymerase 5. DNA polymerase 6. Telomerase 3) Give the mRNA and the polypeptide (amino acid sequence) that results from the following DNA template strand: DNA template T A C A C G G G C G T A mRNA Amino acid sequencearrow_forward
- List two possible reasons why a mistake during the process of replication is more of a catastrophe than a mistake in the process of transcription. What mechanisms help to ensure the fidelity of the process of replication?arrow_forwardWhat is generated from the replication of DNA ? what method is used ? Describe the process. What are Okazaki fragments? What enzymes are used ?arrow_forwarda) How is the lagging strand made in DNA replication? Include important enzymes and structures. How is this different from the synthesis of the leading strand? How is the structure of mRNA suited to its function? How is the structure of tRNA suited to its function? How is the structure of the nucleus suited to its function for protein synthesis?arrow_forward
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