Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 13.3, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The dideoxycytidine drug and its interaction with the DNA molecule.
Introduction:
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid and it is known to be a genetic material for all the organisms, expect viruses. Dideoxycytidine is a drug which is widely used to treat the viral infections. This drug interacts with the DNA and inhibits the synthesis of the DNA and hence it stops the growth of the virus.
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The enzyme creatine kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of creatine. Propose a mechanism for the reaction described using the curved arrow convention. Show the complete structure of the nucleotide.
Why do think nucleotides are also sometimes referred to as “bases” or “nucleotide bases”?
What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside? Explain by giving an example, using structures.
What kind of bond links a base to some sugar? Is the sugar an alpha or beta anomer? In what position(s) of the sugar does this occur? In what position(s) of the base does this occur?
Instead of the term “Formation of a nucleoside”, what could the name of the reaction be? What functional group is being formed?
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undergo a condensation reaction.
Label the 5' and 3' ends of your structure.
0-P-O-CH2
NH2
--P-O-CH2
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\H
KH
H.
H
H
H
H
ОН
H
ОН
H
G
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Match the following nucleobases (designated AD) with their names and answer questions about them. NH, NH, C D NH2 Note that some of the items from the answer list should NOT be used. Guanine 1. Aand B - Cytosine 2 Cand D • Adenine 3. Not shuwn v Thymine 4. D v Uracil 5. B a Aand C v Which of tho shown bases are pyrimidines? 7. A and O v Which of the shown bases form canonical A-T Watson-Crick base pair? S. A v Which of the shown bases form canonical G-C Watson.Crick base-pair? 9. Band C 10. C 11. Band Darrow_forwardIn pyrimidine nucleosides the anti conformation predominates because of steric interactions with pentose. Do thepurine nucleosides have similar interactions?arrow_forwardThe disaccharide α,β-trehalose differs from the α, α structure as shown by having an (α1→ β1) linkage. Draw its structure as a Haworth projection.arrow_forward
- 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is that the enol form is favored relative to the keto form. Draw the keto- and the eno- tautomers of the base. Determine (and draw) which base (A, T, G, or C) would most likely interact with each of the two forms by base-pair.arrow_forwardName the following nucleotide: HN -0-P -0-CH2 OHarrow_forwardA nucleoside consists of an organic base, bound to ribose or deoxyribose. Draw the structure for deoxyguanosine, formed from guanine and deoxyribose.arrow_forward
- Which of the following nucleotides found in DNA is dGTP? Note, hydrogens bound to carbon atoms are not shown.arrow_forwardThe structure below shows that of a trisaccharide that is composed of (going from top left to bottom right) galactose, glucose, and fructose. The galactose residue is linked to glucose via a/an [alpha linkage, beta linkage] and the glucose residue is linked to fructose via a/an [alpha linkage, beta linkage].arrow_forwardSnake venom phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes nucleotides from the 3' end of any oligonucleotide and cleaves between the 3' hydroxyl of the ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphoryl group of the next nucleotide. It acts on single-stranded DNA or RNA and has no base specificity. Which nucleotide would be released first from the oligonucleotide shown below upon treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase? choices a. Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate b. Deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate c. Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate d. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate e. Deoxythymidinearrow_forward
- The alkaline hydrolysis of pAUGCAGC oligonucleotide produces: O A. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 2'-monophosphate O B. Adenosine 2'-monophosphate, adenosine 3'-monophosphate, adenosine 21,5'-bisphosphate OC. Guanosine 2'-monophosphate, guanosine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 3'-monophosphate O D. Cytidine 3'-monophosphate, guanosine 2'-monophosphate, adenine 2'-monophosphate O E. Adenine 3,5'-bisphosphate, guanine 2,5'-bisphosphate, uridine 2'-monophosphate O F. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, guanine 3'-monophosphatearrow_forwardDraw the structure of the following nucleotide: adenosine 3'-monophosphate or guanosine 2-monophosphatearrow_forwardIdentify if the following is a pyrimidine/purine nucleotide or a pyrimidine/purine nucleoside and write whether the sugar moiety is a ribose or deoxyribose. NH2 NH2 HO-P-o HO В. ÓH ÓH ОН H3C. NH HN но С. OCH2 CH2 D. H. OH он OHarrow_forward
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