Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 13.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The attributes of T2 bacteriophage in experiments conducted by Hershey and Chase that depicted DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to be the genetic material and not the proteins.
Introduction:
After the experiments done by Avery along with other scientists, there still were apprehensions about DNA being the genetic material and therefore in 1952, there were experiments that were carried out by two scientists Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey to prove the same.
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Did Hershey and Chase overcome objections to Avery et al.’s claim that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material? How was the choice of a bacteriophage by Hershey and Chase a way to avoid problems with earlier bacterial transformation experiments?
What are bacteriophages, and what is unique about their structure?
what are bacteriophages? explain the functions of attB and attP sequences.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Describe the experimental evidence that DNA is thehereditary material of bacteriophages.arrow_forwardAs stated in the text, bacteriophages have been discovered with the following base substitutions in their DNA: (a) dUMP completely substituting for 'TMP (b) 5-hydroxymethyl-dUMP completely substituting for d'TMP (c) 5-methyl-dCMP completely substituting for dCMP For any one of these cases, formulate a set of virus-coded enzyme activities that could lead to the observed substitution. Write a balanced equation for each reaction you propose.arrow_forwardExplain how Benzer’s experimental results revealed thatthe rII region in bacteriophage T4 contains two genes,each composed of many nucleotide pairs.arrow_forward
- Bacteriophage T4 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome, yet mapping many mutations, as shown in Figure, generates a circular linkage map. How might you explain this discrepancy?arrow_forwardMaterials In order to determine the genetic material of a T2 phage, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted experiments using T2 phages that infected bacteria. In one treatment, they grew phages with radioactive sulfur. In another treatment, they grew phages with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed both types of phages to infect bacterial cells. After infection, they found that only bacteria infected with phages grown with radioactive phosphorous showed any radioactivity. Why did they use radioactive sulfur and phosphorous for this Updates Grades Members O Conferences DBQ Online experiment? * Newsela ormation O Sulfur is part of the DNA molecule but not part of a protein molecule. Biology Periods 1 and 2 Sulfur and phosphorous are some of the most reactive molecules and are easily ding periods school MP1, Highschool Highschool MP3, school MP4 traced. Sulfur and phosphorous are able to survive the centrifuge, a crucial component of the experiment. ion Phosphorous is part of the DNA…arrow_forwardIn what ways does the double helix explain the essential properties of a gene? What are Chargaff’s rules? Phage T2 is estimated to consist of about 200,000 deoxyribonucleotides pairs. Give the length in micrometer of its DNA complement.arrow_forward
- The genes for both the α- and βglobin chains of hemoglobin contain introns (i.e., they are split genes). How would this fact affect your plans if you wanted to introduce the gene for α-globin into a bacterial plasmid and have the bacteria produce α-globin?arrow_forwardWhat type of energy is required for new bacteriophages to be assembled?arrow_forwardBriefly describe the structure of bacteriophage.arrow_forward
- Consider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result? A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion). B) The colonies may be due to recombination. C) Either A or B is possible. D) Neither A nor B is possible.arrow_forwardThe E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition sequence for the trp repressor would be expected to occur in the E. coli chromosome? (b) Explain why it is advantageous for the trp repressor to be a dimer that recognizes two adjacent 6-bp sequences.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a bacteriophage and a prophage?arrow_forward
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