Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 19PDQ
Three independently assorting genes are known to control the biochemical pathway below that provides the basis for flower color in a hypothetical plant
Homozygous recessive mutations, which disrupt enzyme function controlling each step, are known. Determine the
| (a) speckled | (AABBCC) |
|
yellow | (AAbbCC) |
| (b) yellow | (AAbbCC) |
|
green | (AABBcc) |
| (c) colorless | (aaBBCC) |
|
green | (AABBcc) |
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n corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However,
the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines
Using the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm each individual in the cross
Legend
male sterile cytoplasm
Male fertile cytoplasm
FF nucleus
Ff nucleus
ff nucleus
A. Male sterile female x FF male
Explain the phenotype of the offspring
B. Male sterile female x Ff male
Explain the phenotype of the offspring
Some sweet-pea plants have purple flowers and others have white flowers. A homozygous variety of sweet pea that has purple flowers is crossed with a homozygous variety that has white flowers. All the F1have purple flowers. When these F1 self-fertilize, the F2 appear in a ratio of 916 purple to 716 white.
a.Draw a hypothetical biochemical pathway to explain the production of purple and white flowers in sweet peas.
Two plants with white flowers, each from true-breeding strains, were crossed. All the F1 plants had red flowers. When these F1 plants were intercrossed, they produced an F2 consisting of 177 plants with red flowers and 142 with white flowers.
(a) Propose an explanation for the inheritance of flower color in this plant species.
(b) Propose a biochemical pathway for flower pigmentation and indicate which genes control which steps in this pathway.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CSCh. 13 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 13 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 238. These...Ch. 13 - List and describe the role of all molecular...Ch. 13 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 13 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...Ch. 13 -
6. During translation, what molecule bears the...Ch. 13 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...
Ch. 13 - Each transfer RNA requires at least four specific...Ch. 13 -
9. Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 13 - Assuming that each nucleotide is 0.34 nm long in...Ch. 13 - Review the concept of colinearity in Section 12.5...Ch. 13 -
15. In your opinion, which of the four levels of...Ch. 13 -
16. List and describe the function of as many...Ch. 13 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 13 -
18. Shown in the following table are several...Ch. 13 -
19. Three independently assorting genes are known...Ch. 13 -
20. How would the results in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 13 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 13 -
22. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains...
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- In corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of corn plants (i.e. the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male-fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male-sterile lines. Using the following color-coded circles, simulate the crosses indicated below. Put the illustrations of crosses in the spaces provided. Be sure to include in the labels the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in each cross. Big light green circle - male-sterile cytoplasm Big orange circle - male-fertile cytoplasm Small orange circle - FF nucleus Small half-light green-half-orange circle - Ff nucleus Small light-green circle - ff nucleusarrow_forwardSome sweet-pea plants have purple flowers and others have white flowers. A homozygous variety of sweet pea that has purple flowers is crossed with a homozygous variety that has white flowers. All the F1 have purple flowers. When these F1 self-fertilize, the F2 appear in a ratio of 916 purple to 716 white. a. Give genotypes for the purple and white flowers in these crosses. b. Draw a hypothetical biochemical pathway to explain the production of purple and white flowers in sweet peasarrow_forward(Problem 65a) In the plant Arabidopsis, the loci for pod length (L, long; I, short) and fruit hairs (H, hairy; h, smooth) are linked 16 m.u. apart on the same chromosome. The following crosses were made: (i) L H/L H × 1 h/l h F1 (ii) L h/L h × 1 H/I H F1 If the F1's from cross i and cross ii are crossed, what proportion of the progeny are expected to be I h/l h? Oa. 16.00% Оb. 8.00% Oc. 4.00% Od. 3.36% Oe. 1.28%arrow_forward
- In sweet peas, the given enzymatic pathway result to pigment formation in the flowers: A dihybrid plant is crossed to a white one which is heterozygous at the “C” locus (provided in the image). What is the genotype of the dihybrid plant? What is the genotype of the white plant? What kinds of flowers, colored or white, are to be expected from the cross above? Include the ratio.arrow_forwardn corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspringarrow_forwardThe data set attached summarizes F2 numbers from an F1 cross arising from two, true-breeding Drosophila strains (P generation), which differ with respect to two mutant traits. Here are the hypothesis: Leg length - The wild-type and mutant alleles for leg length are incomplete dominant relative to each other. Justification: The data set includes three phenotypic categories for leg length: wild type (long leg), medium leg, and truncated wings. The presence of three distinct phenotypes suggests an incomplete dominance pattern, where the heterozygous individuals exhibit an intermediate leg length phenotype (medium leg). The absence of purebred short-legged individuals supports the idea that the long leg allele is dominant over the short leg allele. This shows that mode of inheritance is incomplete dominance of the alleles relative to each other. Since the data does not mention any specific differences between males and females, we can assume that the mode of inheritance for the trait is…arrow_forward
- The wild-type (W) Abraxas moth has large spots on its wings, but the lacticolor (L) form of this species has very small spots. Crosses were made between strains differing in this character, with the following results:Provide a clear genetic explanation of the results in these two crosses, showing the genotypes of all individual moths.arrow_forwardSuppose that a compound attractive to pollinators is produced by a plant in a pathway encoded by genes one (O) and two (T). You have obtained two pure lines of plants, one that produces the compound and one that does not (OOTT and oott, respectively). You cross them to obtain F1 plants that are heterozygous at both loci. (a) Use a branch diagram to visualize the possible outcomes of a cross between two F1 plants. (b) Calculate the expected proportion of offspring that will produce the attractant if this is a case of duplicate recessive epistasis. (c) What is the expected proportion of offspring that will produce attractant if this is a case of duplicate dominance?arrow_forwardGenes a and b are 20 cM apart. An a+ b+/a+ b+ individual was mated with an a b/a b individual.(a) Diagram the cross and show the gametes produced by each parent and the genotype of the F1.(b) What gametes can the F1 produce, and in what proportions?(c) If the F1 was crossed to a b/a b individuals, what off-spring would be expected, and in what proportions?(d) Is this an example of the coupling or repulsion link-age phase?(e) If the F1 were intercrossed, what offspring would be expected, and in what proportions?arrow_forward
- In com, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene (F_) restores fertility to male sterile lines. a. What are the crosses male sterile female x FF male? Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in each cross. Explain.arrow_forwardConsider a maize plant: Genotype C/cm ; Ac/Ac+ where cm is an unstable colorless allele caused by Ds insertion. What phenotypic ratios would be produced and in what proportions when this plant is crossed with a mutant c/c Ac+/Ac+? Assume that the Ac and c loci are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequency is negligible, and the C allele encodes pigment production.arrow_forwardF1 hybrids between two species of cotton, Gossypium barbadenseand Gossypium hirsutum, are very vigorous plants. However, F1crosses produce many seeds that do not germinate and a high percentageof very weak F2 offspring. Suggest two reasons for theseobservations.arrow_forward
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