Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 11PDQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The meaning of an inherited or a genetic disease on the basis of sickle cell anemia. The comparison between a genetic disease and a disease caused by the invasion of a microbe.
Introduction:
A disease in an organism is referred to as any sort of structural or functional disorder, which manifests itself in the form of symptoms. Diseases can be acute (short-lived), chronic (long-lived), or lifelong. The common reasons for disease occurrence area poorlifestyle, consumption of bad quality water, breathing in polluted air, and genetic makeup. Moreover, some diseases are common in certain geographical areas.
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Using sickle-cell anemia as an example, describe what is meant by a molecular or genetic disease. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between this type of a disorder and a disease caused by an invading microorganism?
Below is the DNA base sequence for the normal protein for normal hemoglobin and the base sequence for (abnormal) sickle cell hemoglobin:
Normal GGG CTT CTT TTT
Sickle GGG CAT CTT TTT
A)Transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA.
B)Identify this as a point or frameshift mutation. Explain.
Q-)Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects onphenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provideanswers for the following questions?
A) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect onthe phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CSCh. 13 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 13 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 238. These...Ch. 13 - List and describe the role of all molecular...Ch. 13 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 13 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...Ch. 13 -
6. During translation, what molecule bears the...Ch. 13 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...
Ch. 13 - Each transfer RNA requires at least four specific...Ch. 13 -
9. Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 13 - Assuming that each nucleotide is 0.34 nm long in...Ch. 13 - Review the concept of colinearity in Section 12.5...Ch. 13 -
15. In your opinion, which of the four levels of...Ch. 13 -
16. List and describe the function of as many...Ch. 13 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 13 -
18. Shown in the following table are several...Ch. 13 -
19. Three independently assorting genes are known...Ch. 13 -
20. How would the results in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 13 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 13 -
22. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains...
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- Describe the common strategy (steps) for protein sequencing, starting with a biological sample containing many cell and biochemical substances. How prevalent are disulfide links in proteins? Why do the disulfide links need to be broken prior to sequencing? How can they be chemically broken?arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects onphenotype. 1) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forward
- A very common molecular biology research method is to analyze cell or tissue homogenates by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting (Western blot). What can we learn about a protein of interest from this type of analysis? More than one answer is correct. Options: Determine the tertiary structure of the protein of interest. Determine or verify the molecular weight of the protein of interest. Compare the levels of the protein of interest in two different cell types. Determine the amino acid sequence from the product ion spectrum. Determine the intracellular binding partners of the protein of interest.arrow_forwardContrast the contributions of Pauling and Ingram to our understanding of the genetic basis for sickle-cell anemia.arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics? (Explain in details)arrow_forward
- Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a "silent mutation" that proven to have an effect on the phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardConsider the expression “central dogma,” which refers to the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. is the word “dogma” appropriate in this context?arrow_forward
- Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects onphenotype. In not more than 2 pages provideanswers for the following questions?1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect onthe phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardBased on standard MS- LS3-1: Fish in a cave system in Mexico is missing its eyes, has thin, translucent skin, and is relatively small (7-10 cm in length). Can you describe by model why structural changes to genes (mutations) on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in beneficial effects to the structure and function of the fish? Can you answer in the following format? 1- Structure How Structure and Function is Affected by Mutations in Blind Fish Eyes Scales Taste Cells Lateral Line 2- Model to explain what causes these changes: Change: ______________ Adapting an Organism to the Dark Cause: ________________ Stop the Growth of Eyes Effect: ___________________ Fish with Heightened Other Senses References: Video: Rare Blind Cave Fish in Mexican Cave System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWdtGuDd8z0 Fact Sheet: Blind Cave Fish https://www.denverzoo.org/animals/blind-cave-fish Information: Mexican Tetra…arrow_forwardRyan has sprained his ankle for the fifth time in the last few years. He believes he is now more prone to spraining it than he used to be. It also takes several weeks for it to feel better, unlike Grace, who twisted her ankle last weekend, but it feels better already. Explain what may be going on here on a molecular level, using the following questions as guidelines: Why does it often take longer for a sprain to heal than it does simple breaks? Propose a molecular reason that might explain why Ryan sprains his ankle more often now than he used to. 3. What sort of treatment do you think Grace may have used to speed up her healing? On a molecular level, how would this help?arrow_forward
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