Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12.5, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To draw: A model for describing the relationship between the given mammalian and bacterial species using an evolutionary tree.
Introduction: Translation is a very important process for existence of life. According to theories, the translation factors evolved early which led to rise of living species. This establishes the evolutionary relationship between all the organisms. rRNA is one such component similar in all organism.
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Instruction: Explain your answer.
Scientific Thought:
"In evolutionary relationships using the evidences of evolution, the more closely related the
species are, the more similar their DNA sequences.
Provide concrete evidence through illustration to prove your answer. You may use other
ways to show your answer.
a- What is Phylogenetics?
b- What are the types of Phylogenetics trees?
c- What ere the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees?
d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (LPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5
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The genome relatedness of different organisms can be shown with a phylogenetic tree constructed based on DNA sequence.
(1) Why DNA sequences could be used to deduce genome relationship?
(2) What else may be used to suggest the relatedness of different genomes?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - What disease would result if a person inherited...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 12.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at the role of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12.5 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 6.3,...
Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 12 - A mutation prevents a gene from being transcribed...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - If a eukaryotic mRNA failed to have a cap attached...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - During the initiation of translation, the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - Prob. 1CQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CQCh. 12 - Prob. 1COQCh. 12 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Topic: Role of Molecular Biology in Evolutionary Classification How does the recently developed DNA technology help scientists establish a more accurate classification scheme? Information on DNA can often indicate relatedness between organisms and even provide data on how long they have been evolving separately. Discuss the influence of DNA and molecular biology on the future of evolutionary classification.arrow_forwardc- What are the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 |10 0 4 4 14 G3 12 8 7 G2 06 16 G4 ㅇ 0 12 G5arrow_forwardINSTRUCTIONS: 1. On the branches of the phylogenetic tree on the back side of this worksheet, write in a unique derived trait (Autapomorphy), either anatomical or behavioral, that is used to distinguish each primate subgroup from the other taxa of primates. The points where the derived traits should be entered are labelled A1 - A6 and a written description of what is expected for each appears below and to the right of the tree. 2. On the trunk of the phylogenetic tree write in a shared derived trait (Synapomorphy) that unifies the branches (clades) of the tree which sit to the right of the trait marker (S1-S5). Again these traits can be either anatomical or behavioral and a written description of what is expected for each appears below and to the right of the tree. For both #1 and #2 you should write in at least one trait for each trait marker (A1-A6 and S1-S5) that appears on the phylogenetic tree. Make sure all entries are detailed enough to differentiate taxa and written legibly. If…arrow_forward
- 1. (a) The apparently constant rate of change Molecular phylogenetics Molecular evolution Molecular clock Evolutionary Signatures (b) The use of comparative genomics to infer evolutionary relationships among species Molecular phylogenetics Molecular evolution Molecular clock Evolutionary Signaturesarrow_forwardSequence data from OTUs are provided in the table below with values provided as (percentage distance x 1000) measurements. Determine the phylogenetic tree from the data in the table below using the UPGMA procedure mentioned in class. Berenstain Bear Berentstain Bear Care Bear Gummi Bear Paddington Bear Care Bear 160 Gummi Bear 150 40 Paddington Bear 80 130 120 Place each OTU in the correct box on the appropriate tree below. Do not label the incorrect tree. Care Bear Gummi Bear Berenstain Bear Paddington Beararrow_forwardTopic: Role of Molecular Biology in Evolutionary Classification How does the recently developed DNA technology help scientists establish a more accurate classification scheme?arrow_forward
- What is maximum likelihood (ML) in phylogenetics? The probability of the model of sequence evolution given the tree, the sequences, and the branch lengths O The probability of the tree given the sequences, the model of sequence evolution, and the branch lengths O The probability of the branch lengths given the sequences, the tree, and the model of sequence evolution O The probability of the sequences given the tree, the model of sequence evolution, and the branch lengthsarrow_forwardWhat's In Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the activity below. ACTIVITY 1. Match Me! Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct, the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give you a magic number. Column A Column B a. A process in which new species form b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 1. Thomas Malthus 2. Hybrid sterility 3. Pre-mating isolating mechanism c. It occurs when a hybrid develops, matures but fails to reproduce d. States population limits resources e. Species will different mating seasons f. Sought pieces of evidence for the idea of uniformitarianism that increasing human 4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck due 5. Temporal isolation not mate to 6. Speciation 1arrow_forwardWhat's In Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the activity below. ACTIVITY 1. Match Me! Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct, the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give you a magic number. Column A Column B a. A process in which new species form b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 1. Thomas Malthus 2. Hybrid sterility c. It occurs when a hybrid develops, matures but fails to reproduce increasing 3. Pre-mating isolating mechanism d. States that human 4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck population limits resources e. Species will different mating seasons f. Sought pieces of evidence for the idea of uniformitarianism due to 5. Temporal isolation not mate 6. Speciationarrow_forward
- Practice bio question: Define the term unikont and explain the current taxonomic interpretation of where unikonts arose on the phylogenetic tree of life.arrow_forwardWould a protein encoded on the core genome or one encoded only on the pan-genome be best to use in constructing a phylogenetic tree? Explain your answerarrow_forwardNGS sequencing made it easy to generate COVID-19 sequences and comparethem at different time points. Using what you learn in the course you are able to analyzeCOVID-19 data at different waves.Requirements1. Use the GISAID database (GISAID) to download COVID-19 sequences (at leastten samples) at different time points.2. Perform multiple sequence alignment for your samples.3. Generate a phylogenetic tree and visualize it.4. Use BLAST to align COVID-19 spike protein with other viral spike proteins.5. Choose the most homologous protein and annotate it using ensemble or anypreferred database.6. All analysis steps must be delivered in bash scriptarrow_forward
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