Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Ribosomes have two subunits, one large and one small. These subunits are combined to form a protein translation unit along with mRNA and help in the attachment of specific tRNA molecules during the peptide synthesis. The recognition of codon and the translation of the codon into amino acid is done by tRNA molecule which binds to mRNA and transfers the amino acids to make the peptide bond.
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The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes are responsible for:
O A. matching each tRNA with the appropriate mRNA codon.
O B. catalyzing the enzymatic step of peptide bond formation during translation.
O C. synthesizing tRNA molecules in the nucleus from tRNA genes.
O D. adding amino acids to appropriate tRNAS (charging the tRNA).
O E. regulating the process of amino acid synthesis.
Which of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of siRNA?
A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA
B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription
C. a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence
D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translation
During translation, the codon in mRNA is actually “read” by
a. the A site in the ribosome.
b. the P site in the ribosome.
c. the anticodon in a tRNA.
d. the anticodon in an amino acid.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - What disease would result if a person inherited...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 12.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at the role of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12.5 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 6.3,...
Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 12 - A mutation prevents a gene from being transcribed...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - If a eukaryotic mRNA failed to have a cap attached...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - During the initiation of translation, the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - Prob. 1CQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CQCh. 12 - Prob. 1COQCh. 12 - Prob. 2COQ
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- The tRNA is the site on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to a given codon found in the mRNA. This allows the tRNA to bind to the mRNA and deposit its amino acid. O a. Active site b. Aminase O O d. Anticodon O c. Peptide site e. None of the abovearrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following regions on the tRNA are composed of a sequence of nucleotides? a. anticodon that binds to codon in mRNA b. anticodon that binds to codon in ribosomes c. anticodon that binds to codon in tRNA synthetase d. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Translation of mRNA is terminated at the stop codon by: A. binding of the Release Factor to stop codon B. tRNA binding to the E site C. tRNA that recruits a release factor D. tRNA that recognizes a stop codonarrow_forwardThe codon and anticodon are base-paired together during the process of translation. Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between anticodon and codon? A. The tRNA anticodon UCU pairs with the AGA mRNA codon. B. The tRNA anticodon is read from the 5’ to the 3’ end. C. A tRNA anticodon can pair with only one mRNA codon. D. The mRNA codon ACG base pairs with the tRNA anticodon TGC.arrow_forwardA release factor is referred to as a “molecular mimic” because its structure is similar to a. a ribosome. b. an mRNA. c. a tRNA. d. an elongation factor.arrow_forward
- The “A” site in the ribosome refers to the: A. binding site for charged t-RNA molecules during protein synthesis B. Site that allows for tRNAs to exit C. a site that holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain D. none of these answeresarrow_forwardIn addition to variable sites, the strucutre of a tRNA includes A. Three stem loops with an anticodon in the second loop; acceptor stem where amino acid attaches. B. Accepter stem where the anticodon is located; 3 stem loops with the second loop where the amino acid will attach. C. 3 stem loops with a codon in the second loop; acceptor stem where the amino acid attaches. D. Acceptor stem where the codon is located; 3 stem loops with the second loop where the amino acid will attacharrow_forwardThe enzyme Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase a. is very specific, recognizes only amino acids b. adds amino acids to the tRNA anticodon c. is very specific, there is only one enzyme per cell d. is very specific, recognizes only one amino acidarrow_forward
- A particular tRNA is mutated so that the amino acid attachment cannot bind with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase. What happens when an mRNA transcript contains the codon for this TRNA? O A. The tRNA will not bind to this codon. O B. Translation stops and the protein is released. O Č. The wrong tRNA is added to the protein chain. D. Translation stops and the protein remains bound to the ribosome. vered MacBook Air 80 F3 D00 D00 F4 F2 F5 % & 23arrow_forwardThe anticodon a. is present in the tRNA and complementary to the codon in mRNA b. is present in the mRNA and binds to the codon c. is present in the tRNA and complementary to the amino acid d. is responsible for charging the tRNAarrow_forwardThere are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that A. some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize two or more different codons. B. the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible. C. many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable. D. A and B only E. A, B, and Carrow_forward
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