Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(b)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(c)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(d)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 12 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Why are different conformations of an alkane not considered structural isomers?arrow_forward1. Which of the following fuel has the lowest heat of combustion?a.Methaneb.Octanec.Coald.Ethanol 2. What is the process of breaking larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones at low temperature through the use of catalyst in order to obtain higher quality of gasoline?a.Thermal crackingb.Catalytic crackingc.Catalytic reformingd.Catalytic combination 3. What is the most common oxidizing agent available in the atmosphere that can be used to generate fire?a.hydrogen peroxideb.oxygenc.ozoned.nitrous oxidearrow_forward1. How many total covalent bonds are present in the compound? (Please refer to the first image attached.) A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 16 2. What is the correct IUPAC name for this compound? (Please refer to the second image attached.) A. 2,5,5-Trimethylhexane B. 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane C. 2,2,5-methylhexane D. 2,5,5-methylhexane 3. Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol? A. 2-Pentanol B. 2-Methyl-2-butanol C. 1-Butanol D. 2-Methyl-1-pentanolarrow_forward
- What is an alkane? A. A hydrocarbon containing carbons joined only by single bonds B. A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond OC. A hydrocarbon containing an aromatic ring OD. A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bondarrow_forward1. Using the grignard reaction of alkanes what is the resulting alkane if the reactant is C4H9Br? a. ethane b. propane c. butane d. pentane 2. Using the grignard reaction of alkanes what is the resulting alkane if the reactant is C5H11F? a. ethane b. propane c. butane d. pentane 3. Using Cl2 in C2H4Cl2 will result in HCl and ______. a. C2H3Cl3 b. C2H4Cl3 c. C2H2Cl3 d. not posiblearrow_forwardWhich compound has the highest melting point? A. Decane B. 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane C. 2,3,3-trimethylpentane D. 4-methylnonanearrow_forward
- Write the organic structure of the ff. organic compounds. 4-butylheptane 3,3,5-trimethyloctane 2-butyl-5-propylheptanearrow_forward2. What is the relationship between the boiling point of a hydrocarbon compound and its Mr? 3. How is the boiling point of a hydrocarbon compound related to its structure? 4. Explain the differences in the physical properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes!arrow_forwardHow many of the 18 Cg alkane constitutional isomers are named using the following base-chain names? a. Octane b. Heptane с. Нехаne d. Pentane How many of the nine C7 alkane constitutional isomers are named using the following base-chain names? а. Неptane b. Нехane c. Pentane d. Butanearrow_forward
- which of the following compound has gauche as it stable conformer? a. 1, 2- dicloroethane b. n- butane c. n- propane d. 1,2- dihydroxyethane which other factor along with torsion decide the stability of conformer?a. intermolecular hydrogen bonding b. intramolecular hydrogen bonding c. coordinate bonding d. ionic bondingarrow_forwardMatch the compound name with its correct molecular formula (based on the general formula): - propane - propene - butene - butyne A. C4H8 B. C4H6 C. C3H8 D. C3H6 Sent by you: Match the compound name with its correct molecular formula (based on the general formula): - propane - propene - butene - butyne A. C4H8 B. C4H6 C. C3H8 D. C3H6arrow_forward4. Which of the following has isomeric forms?a. C2H3Clb. C2H5Clc. C2HCld. C2H4Cl2 5. Which of the following hydrocarbons always gives the same product when one of its hydrogen atoms is replaced by a chlorine atom.a. Hexaneb. Hex-1-enec. Cyclohexaned. Cyclohexenearrow_forward
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning