Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781292089034
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
Question
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Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acyl chloride and carboxylate ion that could be used to form the given mixed anhydride have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Mixed anhydrides are unsymmetrical anhydrides which have different alkyl groups.

Example:

  Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  1

The acetyl chloride and carboxylate ion that could be used to form any given mixed anhydride can be analysed using the simple retro analysis as shown here:

  Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  2

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The other reagents that could be used to form the given mixed anhydride have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Mixed anhydrides are unsymmetrical anhydrides which have different alkyl groups.

Example:

Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  3

Any anhydride can be obtained using the following two pairs of reagents:

  1. 1. Acetyl chloride and a carboxylate ion.

  Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  4

  1. 2. Two different carboxylic acids if mixed or unsymmetrical anhydride has to be formed or two same carboxylic acids if symmetrical anhydride has to be formed.

  Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  5

For any simple anhydride, the two carboxylic acids from which it has been formed can be found by the simple retro analysis as shown here:

  Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition, Chapter 11.14, Problem 28P , additional homework tip  6

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Which among the following statements best explains the purpose that sulfuric acid serve in the nitration test for aromaticity? A. a protecting group to prevent over-nitration B. a source of electrophiles to activate the aromatic ring for nitration C. a catalyst to convert nitrate to nitrite ion D. a temporary electrophile followed by its replacement with nitronium ion E. a catalyst to convert nitrate to nitronium ion   Kindly explain your answer.
Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on… A. alcohols B. acid chlorides C. acid anhydrides D. carboxylates E. carboxylic acids
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