Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 10, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The resulting
Introduction:
Wild type trp gene refers to the original trp gene which means the gene without any mutation. The mutant gene is manipulated in a way that its functioning becomes altered. Trp repressor binds to the operator gene and terminates the translation in the presence of high levels of tryptophan. In the case of low levels of tryptophan, synthesis of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) occurs.
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A haploid E. coli cell has the genotype I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯ where the I ¯ indicates that the repressor protein cannot bind to the operator due to a mutation. Which of the following statements about cells with this lac operon genotype are correct?
I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯
Select all that apply.
β-galactosidase will be transcribed constitutively.
The cells are able to import lactose across the cell membrane.
The cells are lac+ and are able to grow on a medium with lactose but no glucose.
RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter.
A researcher engineers a lac operon on a plasmid but inactivates all parts of the lac operator (lacO) and the lac promoter, replacing them with the binding site for the LexA repressor (which acts in SOS response) and a promoter regulated by LexA. The plasmid is introduced into E. coli cells that have a lac operon with an inactive lacZ gene. Under what conditions will these cells produce beta-galactosidase?
A researcher engineers a lac (lactose) operon on a plasmid but inactivates all parts of the lac operator (lacO) and the lac promoter, replacing them with the binding site for the LexA repressor (which acts in SOS response) and a promoter regulated by LexA. The plasmid is introduced into E. coli cells that have a lac operon with an inactive lacZ gene. Under what conditions will these transformed cells produce beta-galactosidase?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 4TQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 5TQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1TQ
Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10 - Prob. 1RQCh. 10 - Prob. 2RQCh. 10 - Prob. 3RQCh. 10 - Prob. 4RQCh. 10 - Prob. 5RQCh. 10 - Prob. 6RQCh. 10 - Prob. 7RQCh. 10 - Prob. 8RQCh. 10 - Prob. 9RQCh. 10 - Prob. 10RQCh. 10 - Prob. 11RQCh. 10 - Prob. 12RQCh. 10 - Prob. 13RQCh. 10 - Prob. 14RQCh. 10 - Prob. 1TQCh. 10 - Prob. 2TQCh. 10 - Prob. 3TQCh. 10 - Prob. 4TQ
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- A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. O CAP+ r* p* o* z O CAP* I P* o* z* O CAP* r* P O* z* O CAP I P* O z*arrow_forwardThe trp operon in E. coli encodes enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of tryptophan. In the operon, trpR gene encodes the repressor. A trpR repressor cannot bind tryptophan. The trpO is the operator. trpA encodes the enzyme tryptophan synthetase. For the enzyme (A), indicate with a + or-whether or not it is made when there is tryptophan and when there is no tryptophan. Without Tryptophan With Tryptophan R'O A /R* O' A R'O' A/R* Oʻ A R*OA/R' O Aarrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. CAP It P+ O`Z+ CAP+ I P+ O+ Zt CAP+ It P- O+ Z+ CAP+ It P+ 0+ Zarrow_forward
- You have isolated a series of mutants affecting regulation of the lac operon. All of these are constitutive, that is, they express the lac operon all the time. You also have both mutant and wild-type alleles for each mutant in all combinations, and on F ′ plasmids, which can be introduced into cells to make the cell diploid for the relevant genes. How would you use these tools to determine which mutants affect DNA binding sites on DNA, and which affect proteins that bind to DNA?arrow_forwardYou have isolated different mutants (reg1 and reg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu operon (which has genes emu1 and emu2). One mutant contains a defect in a DNA-binding site, and the other has a loss-of-function defect in the gene encoding a protein that binds to the site Say you don’t know which mutant has a defect in the site and which one has a mutation in the binding protein. To figure it out, you construct the two partial diploid strains (i and ii below), and you then assay the levels of the Emu1 and Emu2 proteins in these two strains. F’ (reg1- reg2+ emu1- emu2+) / reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2- F’ (reg1+ reg2- emu1- emu2+) / reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2- What proteins do you predict will be expressed for strains i and ii if reg2 encodes the regulatory protein and reg1 is the regulatory site?arrow_forwardThe streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your answer is 6 promoters, write only 6. 1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes? 2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes? 3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression? 4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression? 5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression? 6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression? 1arrow_forward
- Strain ROFL4 has a premature stop mutation in the lacZ gene, resulting in a nonfunctional b-galactosidase. Otherwise all other parts of the operon are functional. Circle the least number of components for an F' plasmid that will restore normal regulation and function of the lac operon in the resulting partial diploid. (may need more than one) (a) lacI+ (b) lacO+ (c) lacP+ (d) lacZ+ (e) None, cannot be restored.arrow_forwardA strain of E. coli has the genotypes shown below at the lac operon, where I = regulator gene, P = promoter, O = operator, Z = βgalactosidase gene, and Y = permease gene. The superscript+ indicates a wild-type allele,c indicates a constitutive mutation, and− indicates a defective mutation. For each genotype, indicate whether the enzyme will be synthesized or not synthesized when lactose is present or absent by placing a + for synthesis occurring and a − for synthesis not occurring in the appropriate blank. Explain your reasoning for each answer.arrow_forwardA mutant strain of E. coli has a premature stop mutation in the lacZgene, resulting in a non-functional b-galactosidase. Otherwise, all other parts of the operon are functional. Which component of an F' plasmid will restore normal regulation and function of the lac operon in the resulting partial diploid?arrow_forward
- To study the lac operon, you engineer a strain of E coli to have a lac operon in which the lac Z gene is replaced by the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Expression of GFP generates a green color in the cells that can be easily quantitated with a fluorescence microscope. You test the activity of the operon in the absence of the inducer IPTG, the presence of the inducer IPTG and the presence of an antibiotic the completely inhibits RNA polymerase (i.e. no gene expression). You then use this system to test the effects of various mutation on the activity of the operon. Match the following mutations with the activity (A, B or C) you would expect to observe with the mutation. All experiments are done in the presence of IPTG unless otherwise stated.arrow_forwardIn E. coli, when glucose is present, galactose is used to make a component of the bacterial cell wall. When glucose is absent, galactose is MOSTLY used to make energy, but a little is used to make the cell wall. The enzymes for the conversion of galactose into a cell wall component are transcribed as an operon. The operon is transcribed at a high level when glucose is present and at a low level when glucose is absent. You isolate mutants that do not respond appropriately to the presence or absence of glucose, as summarized below. Galactose incorporation into cell wall strain + Glucose Glucose Wild type High High High Low Mutant 1 High High Mutant 2 Mutant 3 Low Low Mutant 4 None None Mutant 5 High None Mutant 6 None None Which of the above mutants could have a mutation in the repressor for the above operon Mutant 6 Mutant 5 Mutant 1 Mutant 3arrow_forwardIn E. coli, when glucose is present, galactose is used to make a component of the bacterial cell wall. When glucose is absent, galactose is MOSTLY used to make energy, but a little is used to make the cell wall. The enzymes for the conversion of galactose into a cell wall component are transcribed as an operon. The operon is transcribed at a high level when glucose is present and at a low level when glucose is absent. You isolate mutants that do not respond appropriately to the presence or absence of glucose, as summarized below. Galactose incorporation into cell wall strain + Glucose - Glucose Wild type High High High Low Mutant 1 High High Mutant 2 Mutant 3 Low Low Mutant 4 None None Mutant 5 High None Mutant 6 None None Which of the above mutants could have a mutation in the promoter for the operon with enzymes for galactose incorporation into cell wall? Mutant 3 Mutant 2 Mutant 5 Mutant 1arrow_forward
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