Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 10.3, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction

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The growth of fur mutant on succinate based on the regulatory circuit of small RNA (ribonucleic acid) RyhB, the iron regulatory protein Fur, and succinate dehydrogenase.

Introduction:

The small regulatory RNAs are the noncoding molecules of RNA that play an important role in cellular processes like activation and inhibition. These are composed of several stem loop structures. These RNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of genes through various mechanisms.

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The diagram below shows a closeup of regulatory proteins binding to one of the UASG elements near the GAL7, GALI0, and GALI genes, which code for the protein products needed for yeast to use the sugar galactose. The red triangle symbolizes an "effector" molecule that binds to Gal80p. In this hypothesis (which has since been shown to be incorrect), what could be happening to Gal80p when it is bound to the effector molecule that causes it to change its position and uncover the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain. Hint: think about what effector molecules do upon binding to proteins such as the the Lac repressor protein or the CAP protein. Galactose absent, glucose absent Gal80p. _Activation domain Gal4p dimer -Binding domain UASG Galactose present, glucose absent Activation domain Gal80p- Binding domain UASG For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Here we utilize a novel, well-characterized, endogenous mitochondrial mutation in the ATP6 gene of Drosophila melanogaster with a nearly complete loss of ATP synthase activity.  These Drosophila mutants have a missense mutation in ATP6 (G to A transition resulting in a glycine to glutamate change at position 116 in the protein), the mitochondrial gene encoding subunit 6 of the F1Fo-ATP synthase(complex V of the respiratory chain.  ATP6 allows for the hydrogen ion translocation required for the rotation of the Fo motor and the production of ATP from ADP. Drosophila ATP61 mutants model human mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and demonstrate phenotypes associated with degenerative disease, including: reduced longevity, mitochondrial pathology, progressive neural dysfunction, tissue degeneration and locomotor impairment.  ATP61 Drosophila mutants exhibit a stereotyped phenotypic progression that is analogous to the symptomatic progression reported for many human mitochondrial disease…
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY