Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 1, Problem 6TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The evidence supporting the common ancestry of life from cells with RNA chromosomes along with the existence of cells with RNA chromosomes in the present time.
Introduction:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biopolymer composed of
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which DNA sequences are more alike: a pair ofsister chromatids or a pair of homologous chromosomes?arrow_forwardWhy do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply. 1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth. 2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells 3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells. 4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis 5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells 6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.arrow_forwardWhy there are organisms with a fewer number of chromosomes?arrow_forward
- If you were studying how protobionts evolved into cells and you developed a protobiont that was capable of self-replication, would you consider it a living cell? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhy does mitochondria and chloroplast are considered as ancestors of representative eukaryotic cells, particularly plant and animal cell?arrow_forwardYou study the differentiation of embryonic cells into astrocytes, a process that takes a few days in culture. To determine if cell differentiation has occurred, you will need to mark them with three antibodies recognizing astrocyte proteins and use a fluorescence approach. The spectra of antibody-bound fluorophores are similar to those of proteins 1, 4 and 6 (in the table below ). In the days preceding cell fixation to mark them, you will have to observe the evolution of the morphology of living cells, without interfering with the fluorescence immunolabeling measurements that will be made later. What method could you use for your observations? Explain the principle behind this method for obtaining contrast.arrow_forward
- Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.arrow_forwardThe continuity of life depends on a cell cycle during which genetic information is passed from a parent cell to daughter cells. Because cell division plays several important roles in life, it is important that the cycle be regulated. Which of the following are reasons the cell cycle must be regulated? Select all that apply. The continuity of life depends on a cell cycle during which genetic information is passed from a parent cell to daughter cells. Because cell division plays several important roles in life, it is important that the cycle be regulated.Which of the following are reasons the cell cycle must be regulated? Select all that apply.[ ]To make sure cells only divide when conditions are favorable for growth and development of the organism[ ]To make sure daughter cells end up with the right number of chromosomes[ ]To make sure daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell[ ]To allow cells to respond to cues from their internal state and from their environment.arrow_forwardThe Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes. In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.arrow_forward
- If Darwin had been aware of genes and their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? Why? * If an organism acquires new genes by engulfing, or being infected by another organism, then a new genetic species will result. No answer A single mutation in a single gene in a single gamete, if inherited by future generations, will produce a new species. If an organism’s somatic cell genes change during its lifetime, making it more fit, then it will be able to pass these genes on to its offspring. If natural selection can change gene frequency in a population over generations, given enough time and genetic diversity, then natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones.arrow_forwardHow does the structure of DNA enable the ability to store information, be consistently replicated between generations and be allowed to change and thus evolution to occur?arrow_forwardWhat two pieces of evidence support the claim that all life on Earth descended from a common ancestor?arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License