Based on the model of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation shown in the figure, which of the following best describes the effect of a drug that blocks the production of the mitotic cyclin? * G, Cyclin is Degraded S cdk Activated G, Cyclin/cdk Complex cdk Mitotic Cyclin G2 G, cdk cák Activated Mitotic Cyclin/cdk Complex G, Cyclin Mitosis -Mitotic Cyclin is Degraded
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- In mammalian cells, different cyclin-CDK complexes regulate progression of cells through the cell cycle. Which of the following would be true during the cell cycle? Select all that apply Cyclin D phosphorylates and activates MCM protein, a helicase Cyclin B phosphorylates and breaks down the nuclear lamina OThe anaphase promoting complex, or APC/C is phosphorylated and activated by cyclin B Cyclin D helps promotes passage through the restriction pointYou are studying three proteins that you think are important Yor progression through the cell cycle. You know that one of them is a phosphatase (P1) and the other two are kinases ( K1 and K2). You add these enzymes in different combinations as shown below, and find that they have different effects on the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase, cdk2p. cdk2p Inactive Active cdk2p + K1 cdk2p + K2 Inactive cdk2p + K1 + K2 Inactive cdk2p + P1 cdk2p + P1 + K2 cdk2p + P1 + K1 Inactive Inactive Active cdk2p + P1 + K1 + K2 ActiveThe cell cycle contains a series of events that control the division of cells. It is controlled by which of the following: P. dephosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (S) Q. binding of CDK inhibitor proteins (R) R. cyclin synthesis and degradation (P) S. phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Q) R and S P, Q, R, and S Q and R P and Q
- Which of the following would result in cell cycle arrest? O phosphorylation of Rb by G1-Cdk phosphorylation of p53 O phosphorylation of helicase by S-Cdk phosphorylation of M-Cdk by CAK phosphorylation of APC by M-CdkWhich one of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which the "cell cycle control system" regulates events of the cell cycle? O Hydrophobic signaling molecules cross the plasma membrane at distinct stages in the cell cycle O Ca++ and CAMP release into the nucleus signal the progression of the cell cycle Changes in vesicle trafficking events signal progression of the cell cycle Changes in the cellular cytoskeleton signal progression of the cell cycle Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events signal the progression of the cell cycleAfter DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the protein which drives the transcription of the gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53
- When considering the stages of the cell cycle, which stage is best associated with cells that do not divide, such as nerve cells? G1 phase M phase O None - all cells divide S phase G2 phase GO phase Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does brine prevent contamination by microorganisms? Bacteria can't survive in hypotonic solutions because of the added pressure of the water they take in causing them to burst. O Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose too much water and die. O The high salt concentration increases the pH of the environment, making it unfavorable for bacteria to live there. The high salt concentration creates an isotonic environment that the bacteria cannot live in. Bacteria cells are unable to digest the salt, thus killing the cells by starvation.In the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the integrity and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle. Which of the following are true about cell cycle checkpoints? Select all that apply The M phase checkpoint examines whether all sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules Progression through checkpoints is determined by the activation of cyclin dependent kinases bound to cyclins The G2 checkpoint is also called the restriction checkpoint O If a cell passes the G1 checkpoint, it irreversibly commits to complete the whole cell cycle and divide
- Which of the following statement is NOT true? Cell cycle cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are synthesized and degraded in every cell cycle O Activity of the S phase CDKs rise in the S phase and drops in the G2 and mitotic phase APC/C proteasome activity increases during mitotic phase and drops towards the end of the G1 phase G1/S cyclin protein amount rises in the G1 phaseMaturation promoting factor, MPF, is a cyclin-CDK complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of other proteins to start mitosis. The activity level of MPF is dependent on the relative concentrations of the cyclin and CDK components of MPF (Figure 1). Based on Figure 1, which of the following describes the role of cyclin in the regulation of the cell cycle? a.During S phase, the cyclin level remains the same because DNA replication is occurring. b.During G2 phase, the cyclin level remains low, causing MPF activity to decrease, which leads cells to initiate mitosis. c.During G1 phase, the cyclin level decreases to signal the start of the resting phase of the cell cycle. d.During M phase, the cyclin level peaks, resulting in an increased binding frequency with CDK.in term of signal transduction how cell cycle/division is controlled?? ((while you are answerig plz write the refrence.))