Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Explain Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) control the cell cycle by phosphorylating other proteins?
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- Describe how p53 plays a role in both cell cycle arrest and in apoptosis.arrow_forwardList the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost in a cell producing faulty p53.arrow_forwardIn Xenopus, one of the substrates of mitotic CDKs is the phosphatase Cdc25. When phosphorylated by mitotic CDKs, Cdc25 is activated. What is the substrate of Cdc25? How does this information help to explain the rapid rise in mitotic CDK activity as cells enter mitosis?arrow_forward
- Upon learning about the mechanism of apoptosis, the question asked was; Is cytochrome c being released from mitochondria or is it being expressed by an induced nuclear gene and being produced in the cytosol. Which one of the following observations would provide the best evidence that it was being released from the mitochondria? Bcl2 blocks release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and also inhibits apoptosis Active Fas receptors trigger release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Extracellular signals that block apoptosis do not produce cytosolic cytochrome c Caspase inhibitors block release of cytochrome c from the mitochondriaarrow_forwardList 4 proteins that have different regulatory actions in different cells resulting in cell specialization.arrow_forwardWhen the gene encoding a certain cellular kinase is deleted, the resulting mutant cells arrest in the cell cycle and do not divide. These mutants can be rescued when a gene encoding an N-terminal GFP fusion of the protein is expressed, but not when a gene encoding a C-terminal GFP fusion is expressed. Which fusion protein is appropriate to use in studying cellular localization and activity? Explain why.arrow_forward
- Artificially induced apoptosis (controlled cellular death) is found to be an effective treat- ment for some forms of cancer. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which apoptosis might be induced? A B с D by causing ribosomes to increase the rate of protein synthesis by triggering the division of mitochondria in the cell to increase ATP production by increasing the expression of membrane-bound glucose protein channels by causing lysosomes to release digestive enzymes into the cytosolarrow_forwardDescribe the roles of HER2, MAP kinase (ERK), Akt, cyclin D1, and p27 in regulating cell proliferation and survivalarrow_forwardDescribe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.arrow_forward
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