How does the activity of MPF (CDK1) vary throughout the cell cycle? Is this correlated with concentration of cyclins? How does cyclin concentration affect MPF activity?

Q: What inhibit CDK activity by bindingdirectly to the cyclin-CDK complex.

A: A cyclin-dependent kinase complex or CDKC or cyclin-CDK is formed by the interaction of a regulatory…

Q: chaperone mediated autophagy.

A: Autophagy that is mediated by chaperone proteins is called chaperone-mediated autophagy. The…

Q: Notably, one subunit of APC itself must remain phosphorylated at a single amino acid during sister…

A: In the phosphorylation reactions, proteins are reversibly modified. It is a regulatory reaction. The…

Q: What is cyclin-CDK complexes

A: Cell cycle regulation is important without cues to grow or to stop growing. Cells would either…

Q: Once cells pass through the restriction point, they are committed to replicate DNA and enter the S…

A: The limitation (R) point has been named the point at G1 at which commitment occurs and the cell no…

Q: Why doesn't Cdk1 active immediately upon binding to cyclin B? What other components of the cell’s…

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: Virtually all cancer treatments are designed to killcancer cells, usually by inducing apoptosis.…

A: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL or APML) is a cancer of the white blood corpuscles. Abnormal…

Q: Why is G1 a crucial time in the life of a cell?

A: G1 or gap 1 phase is the first phase of interphase or resting phase in the cell cycle.

Q: Predict the effects of the following mutations on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a.…

A: KEY WORDS :- Mutations - Structure or the process of gene is changed or have any effect which can…

Q: APC is a ubiquitin ligase activated by M-cyclin Cdk What is the function of APC when bound to…

A: An integral regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene in humans is the cell…

Q: Define about Several types of cellular stress events bring about rapidincreases in the nuclear…

A: The p53 is also known as the guardian of the genome. It is a tumor suppressor gene. The function of…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: GAP protien mutation from Arg 789 to alanine constituvely activate the MAPK pathway by preventing…

A: Cell growth and cell division are essential for the development of an organism. A cell before any…

Q: Define Explain the role of CDK inhibitors. If cyclin-CDK com-plexes are necessary to allow regulated…

A: The cell cycle is an important process occurring in a living cell which is consists of four main…

Q: What protein complexes that are related to cohes-ins, facilitate chromosome condensation and are…

A: The study of chemical reactions that occurs within living organisms is called biochemistry. This…

Q: Explain the use of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs) ?

A: Cyclins are cellular elements that drive or regulate the events of the cell cycle by combining with…

Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factorssuch as ER stress, UV light, and hypoxia…

A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…

Q: Explain how the specializations for M-phase function prevents the activities of Interphase,…

A: The cell cycle starts with resting (G0) phase. Then proceeding to interphase (G1 phase, S phase, G2…

Q: The balance between plus-end-directed and minus-end- directed motor proteins that bind to interpolar…

A: Microtubules are the rigid rod like structure which is hollow inside which helps in maintaining the…

Q: What is UPR? What is the downstream impact of UPR activation in an eucaryotic cell?

A: UPR stands for unfolded protein response. It is an intracellular signal transduction pathway that…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: Which are the events causing loss-of-heterozygosity in somatic cells of RB+/RB− individuals?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that is inherited by the progeny from the…

Q: Drug A323 inhibits the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) - G1 cyclin complex. Consider…

A: Answer 1:- Cyclin Dependent Kinases perforn an important role of controlling cell division and tune…

Q: How does the CRP mechanism contribute? Where does it come from?

A: Inflammation is a defence process carried out by the immune system in which the entry of the antigen…

Q: enzyme (Tyr 15 of phorylated, the en- -ylation state of any lows replication. The role of Cdk…

A: The cell cycle is highly regulated by different regulatory proteins that includes the cdc2 and…

Q: You've engineered a mutant cell where the FADD adapter was truncated. The mutant FADD only contains…

A: The process of programmed cell death is called apoptosis. Unwanted cells, such as those between a…

Q: Some athletes eat diets high in carbohydratesbefore an event. Suggest a biochemical basis for this…

A: Carbohydrate loading is the strategy used by athletes to increase the storage reserves of the…

Q: Why is the p53-meditated apoptosis pathway, and the GSK3 signaling pathway important for cancer…

A: p53 is a critical tumour suppressor that is mutated in ~50% of human cancers. Inunstressed cells p53…

Q: The destruction of the various cyclins is commonly used to inactivate the Cdk/cyclin complexes. Why…

A: Cancer or tumor growth occurs when the cell cycle regulation mechanisms fail to stop the division of…

Q: Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis or programmed cell death is genetically regulated phenomenon of selective elimination of…

Q: What Ca2+-dependent events occur after Ca2+ is released into the cytosol?

A: The fundamental assignment of skeletal muscle is contraction and relaxation for body activity and…

Q: What is the effect of having fluctuating cyclin levels throughout the cell cycle, while the levels…

A: Cell cycle  It is a series of events in which cell duplicate it's organelles and divide.

Q: The enzyme Ste11 participates in several distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways in the budding yeast…

A: Ste11 is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The MAPK cascades is involve in mating, high…

Q: Does TERT activation affect cancer development through other ways besides mediating telomere…

A: TERT means Telomerase reverse transcriptase and this enzyme help in the development of cancer .

Q: Changes in the activity of a variety of Cdks are essential for accurate progression through the cell…

A: A series of events which takes place in a cell due to which it divides and forms two daughter cells…

Q: How did the intrinsic pathway ofapoptosis evolve, and what is theadvantage of having…

A: When a cell becomes dead this is known as Apoptosis. In Apoptosis the material present in the cell…

Q: what are mitophagy protein complex and what are they do?

A: Mitochondria are fundamental organelles that manage cellular energy homeostasis and ending ofthe…

Q: explain the role of the two CKI families, such as INK4 and CIP/KIP in regulating adult stem cell…

A: Adult stem cell quiescence refers to a state of temporary and reversible cell cycle arrest that…

Q: Describe the effects of the over-expression of mdm2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis on cell…

A: Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is a gene isolated from a mouse chromosome and is encodes MDM2…

Q: what is the role of TERF2 in the deregulation of CDKN1A gene to cause cancer.

A: The basic unit of heredity is the gene, which is a DNA region that codes for a specific protein.…