Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.4, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? Ø In the absence of O2 as in question 1, what do you think would happen if you decreased the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion? Explain your answer.
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5a. What is the difference between high and very high energy bond molecules? Give 2 examples of each.
5b. What is the total number of H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria by complexes I, II and III for every 2 electrons movement? What would be the total amount of ATP synthesized (explain)?
You are isolating mitochondria from insect cells and incubating in a test tube with 0.005 M FADH2, 0.05 M ADP and 0.05 M Pi. Assuming, these 3 can enter mitochondria at no cost,no glucose/products of glucose metabolism remain in the isolated mitochondria, and oxygen is present.
Part 1) If all expected reactions go to completion, how much ATP is expected formed?
(0 M)(0.02 M) (0.03 M) (0.05 M) (0.1 M) (0.005 M) (0.01 M) (0.015 M)
Part 2) The ratio of FADH2/FAD at completion of all expected reactions would be?
(2) (>>2) (0) (1)
Part 3) After completion of all expected reactions, ratio of H ion concentration inside vs. outside the mitochondrial inner membrane should be?
(<1) (~1) (>1)(0)
Please provide brief explanation
12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below.
114
ATP synthase
matrix
intermembrane space
Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg
Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion.
(Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.)
4+
b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through
ATP synthase.
c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would
that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP
production from glucose?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 9.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 9.1 - WHAT IF? If the following redox reaction...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - What process in your cells produce the CO2 that...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.4 - WHAT IF? In the absence of O2 as in question 1,...Ch. 9.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 9.5 - Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What...
Ch. 9.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from...Ch. 9.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 4CCCh. 9 - Describe the difference between the two processes...Ch. 9 - Which reactions in glycolysis are the source of...Ch. 9 - What molecular products indicate the complete...Ch. 9 - Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5CRCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6CRCh. 9 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The immediate...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 9 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 9 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 9 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION AIP synthases are found in...Ch. 9 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physicians...Ch. 9 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 9 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold...
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- What is the total number of H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria by complexes I, II and III for every 2 electrons movement? What would be the total amount of ATP synthesized (explain)?arrow_forwardIn the early days of “mitochondriology,” P/O ratios were determined frommeasurements of volume of O2 taken up by respiring mitochondria andchemical assays for disappearance of inorganic phosphate. Now, however, itis possible to measure P/O ratios simply with a recording oxygen electrode.How might this be done?arrow_forwardPFor each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption and ATP synthesis to increase, decrease or remain the same (respectively). Assume there is plenty of O₂ around. (a) Succinate is suddenly added to mitochondria that have no other oxidizable substrates (Assume that there are ADP and Pi in mitochondria). (b) ADP is not allowed to pass into the mitochondrial matrix. (c) 2,4 Dinitrophenol (an uncoupler) is added.arrow_forward
- If isolated mitochondria are incubated with asource of electrons such as succinate, but without oxygen,electrons enter the respiratory chain, reducing each of theelectron carriers almost completely. When oxygen is thenintroduced, the carriers become oxidized at different rates(Figure Q14–1). How does this result allow you to order the electron carriers in the respiratory chain? What is theirorder?arrow_forward. Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2Oarrow_forwardWhen pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mitochondria along with ADP, P, antimycin A, and oxygen, the cytochrome c becomes oxidized, and ATP is formed, with a P/o ratio approaching 1.0. (a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system. (b) Why was antimycin A added? (c) What does this experiment tell you about the location of cou- pling sites for oxidative phosphorylation? (d) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction (including cyt c oxidation and ATP synthesis).arrow_forward
- What would be the expected pHs of the matrix and intermembranespace of the mitochondrion? What about the stroma and thylakoidlumen of the chloroplast? Explain your answers.arrow_forwardco S Question #6. On the right is a schematic showing the structure of complex V (ATP Synthase). The various subunits are labeled. 6A Label the figure to show the location of the mitochondrial matrix αβλαβ Y 6B On the figure indicate the direction of proton flow across the membrane in the direction of ATP synthesis. Make sure to specifically indicate through which portion of the complex the protons move. E Ab, a a cc ccc Inner membrane 6C List the specific subunits in the complex that rotate as protons flow through the complex (select from: a, b2, c, a, ß, y, 8, ɛ) 6D Rotation occurs in 120° steps. Briefly explain why this is consistent with the bind-and-change mechanism that produces ATP. In your answer, make sure to indicate the number of active sites in the complex and how rotation alters their ability to promote catalysis.arrow_forwardIn the early days of “mitochondriology," P/O ratios were deter- mined from measurements of volume of O, taken up by respiring mitochondria and chemical assays for disappearance of inorganic phosphate. Now, however, it is possible to measure P/O ratios simply with a recording oxygen electrode. How might this be done?arrow_forward
- Two biochemistry students are about to usemitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specifyaddition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reactionmixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does thesource not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?arrow_forwardHow much energy is required to pump a mole of protons in a mitochondria with the following conditions? pH of matrix = 8.2, pH of intermembrane space 7.4, membrane potential of - 65 mV (N-side relative to P-side), temperature = 37C. Express answer to the nearest 0.1 kJ/mole.arrow_forward3, Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation, as completely as possible. In your description, include the terms NADH, FADH2, ATP, mitochondria (or mitochondrial), glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, electron (or electrons), proton (or protons), and oxygen. In your description, account for how ATP molecules get produced, and how many ATP molecules are produced per FADH2 and NADH (note: NADH from outside the mitochondria generate a different number of ATP compared to NADH inside the mitochondria.arrow_forward
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