Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 3CS
How much importance should we place on the results of ancestral genetic testing especially when these results have social, political, and legal implications? Is it ethical to determine one’s identity primarily or even partially on genetic considerations?
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Imagine that genetic technology advances to the point where the genetic profile of an individual can be easily obtained, and that we have a full understanding of how genes interact to influence our health. Based on this genetic information alone, how reliably do you think we would be able to predict a person's chance of getting a specific disease? Where do you think this type of genetic profiling would lead with respect to selection of offspring or genetic superiority?
"Ancestry tests" are sold by many companies. There
are significant limitations to these tests. Why is this
the case?
High rates of gene flow between populations reduce
the reliability with which any sequence can
demonstrate membership in one particular population.
Evaluating too few genetic loci, of which just a small
number happen to be similar, can lead to the
conclusion that individuals are much more genetically
similar than they actually are.
A DNA match between two individuals living today is
not a match with an ancestor. Rather, it suggests that
the two people may have inherited the DNA sequence
from a common ancestor.
all of these are limitations to "Ancestry tests"
O High genetic variation among individuals within most
populations makes it difficult to identify specific
sequences that can reliably indicate membership in a
population.
An important application of DNA fingerprinting is relationship testing. Persons who are related genetically have some bands or peaks in common. The number they share depends on the closeness of their genetic relationship. For example, an offspring is expected to receive half of his or her minisatellites from one parent and the rest from the other. The diagram shown here schematically illustrates traditional DNA fingerprints of an offspring, mother, and two potential fathers. In paternity testing, the offspring’s DNA fingerprint is first compared with that of the mother. The bands that the offspring have in common with the mother are depicted in purple. The bands that are not similar between the offspring and the mother must have been inherited from the father. These bands are depicted in red. Which male could be the father?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Chlamydomonas, a eukaryoric green alga, may be...Ch. 9 - In aerobically cultured yeast, a petite mutant is...Ch. 9 - DNA in human mitochondria encodes 22 different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4NSTCh. 9 - Why did Marcia choose mitochondrial testing to...Ch. 9 - Marcia saw an ad on television for ancestry DNA...Ch. 9 - How much importance should we place on the results...Ch. 9 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 196. The...Ch. 9 - Streptomycin resistance in Chlamydomonas may...
Ch. 9 - A plant may have green, white, or green-and-white...Ch. 9 - In diploid yeast strains, sporulation and...Ch. 9 - Predict the results of a cross between ascospores...Ch. 9 - In Lymnaea, what results would you expect in a...Ch. 9 - In a cross of Lymnaea, the snail contributing the...Ch. 9 - In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a...Ch. 9 - A male mouse from a true-breeding strain of...Ch. 9 - Consider the case where a mutation occurs that...Ch. 9 - What is the endosymbiotic theory, and why is this...Ch. 9 - In an earlier Problems and Discussion section (see...Ch. 9 - Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) offers a...Ch. 9 - The specification of the anteriorposterior axis in...Ch. 9 - The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is...Ch. 9 - (a) In humans the mitochondrial genome encodes a...Ch. 9 - Mutations in mitochondrial DNA appear to be...Ch. 9 - Researchers examined a family with an interesting...Ch. 9 - Payne, B. A. et al. (2013) present evidence that a...Ch. 9 - As mentioned in Section 9.3, mtDNA accumulates...Ch. 9 - Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome...
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- What is the importance of detecting common ancestry? Subject is evolutionarrow_forwardWhat is the fundamental difference between selective breeding (artificial selection) and genetic engineering in terms of genetic diversity? How would you test for genetic diversity within each population? Explain.arrow_forwardThe human genome has been fully mapped by the Human Genome Project. Information on the human genome is now freely available on DNA databases. Which statement best describes an ethical issue concerning the Human Genome Project? Responses The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research. The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research. The complete information about the human genome can be utilized to map human ancestry. The complete information about the human genome can be utilized to map human ancestry. The complete information about the human genome can lead to devastating consequences on Earth’s biodiversity. The complete information about the human genome can lead to devastating consequences on Earth’s biodiversity. The human genome will provide information about inherited diseases, which raises the possibility of genetic manipulation in individuals.arrow_forward
- Just like actual fingerprints, DNA fingerprints are unique to most individuals (other than identical twins). Today, most police departments in the United States use DNA fingerprints as a criminal investigation tool. What is another application of DNA fingerprints? O A. Identifyipg a person's personality traits O B. Identifying the father of a child O C. Identifying the sex of a future, not conceived offspring O D. Determining if a person has consumes genetically engineered plantsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? Question 10 options: a) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of the environment only. b) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of genes only. c) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of genes and the environment. d) A person's genotype is a trait that is the result of genes and the environment.arrow_forwardScientific studies have shown that the majority of human genetic differences worldwide exist within groups (or races) rather than between groups. True or false?arrow_forward
- Since DNA sequences are passed down from one generation to the next, people with closer familial relationship tend to have more of their DNA sequences in common. As a result, people who are more genetically related tend to share some similar patterns in their DNA fingerprinting. If you are comparing samples, which of the following can be determined with DNA fingerprinting? Group of answer choices? right chances Which fraternal twin each sample came from Which identical twin each sample is from If the samples are from people who are married If the samples came from mother and child asap pleasearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between “ancestral traits” and “derived traits”?What is the biological definition of a “species”?arrow_forwardAlbinism occupied a special place in the Hopi culture; individuals who possessed this trait were valued by members of the tribe. What are some examples of genetic traits that, in contrast, sometimes result in discrimination and prejudice?arrow_forward
- Could you also explain how DNA fingerprinting becomes a disadvantage as it pertains to relatives or twins?arrow_forwardThe Human Genome Project has demonstrated that in humans of all races and nationalities approximately 99.9 percent of the sequence is the same, yet different individuals can be identified by DNA fingerprinting techniques. What is one primary variation in the human genome that can be used to distinguish different individuals? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardAs gene tests and genomic sequences become more commonplace,how can we prevent the emergence of “genetic discrimination”in employment and medical insurance?arrow_forward
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