Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 15ESP
The specification of the anterior–posterior axis in Drosophila embryos is initially controlled by various gene products that are synthesized and stored in the mature egg following oogenesis. Mutations in these genes result in abnormalities of the axis during embryogenesis. These mutations illustrate maternal effect. How do such mutations vary from those produced by organelle heredity? Devise a set of parallel crosses and expected outcomes involving mutant genes that contrast maternal effect and organelle heredity.
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In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormalphenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonicdevelopment. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ todenote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a crossbetween a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessivefemale with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s?
Discuss how the anterior portion of the anteroposterior axis is established in Drosophila. What aspects of oogenesis are critical in establishing this axis? What do you think would happen if the bicoid mRNA was not trapped at the anterior end but instead diffused freely throughout the oocyte?
In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain.
1. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s?
2. If m-m- females produce useless eggs, then how are m-m- produced?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Chlamydomonas, a eukaryoric green alga, may be...Ch. 9 - In aerobically cultured yeast, a petite mutant is...Ch. 9 - DNA in human mitochondria encodes 22 different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4NSTCh. 9 - Why did Marcia choose mitochondrial testing to...Ch. 9 - Marcia saw an ad on television for ancestry DNA...Ch. 9 - How much importance should we place on the results...Ch. 9 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 196. The...Ch. 9 - Streptomycin resistance in Chlamydomonas may...
Ch. 9 - A plant may have green, white, or green-and-white...Ch. 9 - In diploid yeast strains, sporulation and...Ch. 9 - Predict the results of a cross between ascospores...Ch. 9 - In Lymnaea, what results would you expect in a...Ch. 9 - In a cross of Lymnaea, the snail contributing the...Ch. 9 - In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a...Ch. 9 - A male mouse from a true-breeding strain of...Ch. 9 - Consider the case where a mutation occurs that...Ch. 9 - What is the endosymbiotic theory, and why is this...Ch. 9 - In an earlier Problems and Discussion section (see...Ch. 9 - Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) offers a...Ch. 9 - The specification of the anteriorposterior axis in...Ch. 9 - The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is...Ch. 9 - (a) In humans the mitochondrial genome encodes a...Ch. 9 - Mutations in mitochondrial DNA appear to be...Ch. 9 - Researchers examined a family with an interesting...Ch. 9 - Payne, B. A. et al. (2013) present evidence that a...Ch. 9 - As mentioned in Section 9.3, mtDNA accumulates...Ch. 9 - Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome...
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- In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s? Show COMPLETE cross for both cases. If m-m- females produce useless eggs, then how are m-m- produced?arrow_forwardA maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as a recessive allele that prevents the correct development of anterior- and posterior-most structures. A wild-type (homozygous) male is crossed to a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larva that are missing their anterior- and posterior-most structures and therefore die during early development. What is the genotype and phenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the female fly’s parents? Show COMPLETE cross.arrow_forwardIn drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. (A) Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. (B) From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s? (C) If m-m- females produce useless eggs, then how are m-m- produced?arrow_forward
- A maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as a recessive allele that prevents the correct development of anterior- and posterior-most structures. A wild-type (homozygous) male iscrossed to a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larva that are missing theiranterior- and posterior-most structures and therefore die during early development. What is the genotype and phenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypes andphenotypes of the female fly’s parents? Show COMPLETE cross. Maternal genotype:Paternal genotype:F1 genotype:F1 phenotype:arrow_forwardA Drosophila embryo dies during early embryogenesis due to arecessive allele of a maternal effect gene called bicoid. The wildtypeallele is designated bicoid +. What are the genotypes and phenotypesof the embryo’s mother and maternal grandparents?arrow_forwardIn Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a recessive gene called grandchildless (gs) causes the offspring of homozygous females, but not those of homozygous males, to be sterile. Can you offer an explanation as to why females and not males are affected by the mutant gene?arrow_forward
- The locations of six deletions have been mapped to a Drosophila chromosome, as shown in the following deletion map. Recessive mutations a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be located in the same region as the deletions, but the order of the mutations on the chromosome is not known.arrow_forwardName three possible factors contributing to early asymmetries in a developing embryo (i.e. what are the kinds of things early on that lead to the development of the body axes - dn, a/p, l/r, etc)? In the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the anterior-to-posterior body axis becomes segmented into distinct regions. explain the role of the genes bicoid and nanos in this process.arrow_forwardOur understanding of maternal effect genes has been greatly aided by their identification in experimental organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In experimental organisms with a short generation time, geneticists have successfully searched for mutant alleles that prevent the normal process of embryonic development. In many cases, the offspring die at early embryonic or larval stages. These are called maternal effect lethal alleles. How would a researcher identify a mutation that produced a recessive maternal effect lethal allele?arrow_forward
- In Drosophila melanogaster body color is controlled by one gene while wing shape is controlled by a second gene. Gray body color is dominant to black body color, and normal wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Flies homozygous for gray body color and vestiial wing are crossed with flies homozygous for black body color and normal wings Compare the possible F2generation genotypes and phenotypes and proportions if these two traits are autosomally linked in comparison to the non-linked How does your answer change if one of the original parents is homozygous for gray body color and normal wings while the other has black body color and vestigial wingsarrow_forwardEXTRANUCLEAR INHERITANCE In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene (MEG) results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produced by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s? with COMPLETE cross for both cases.arrow_forwardResearchers have exploited Minute mutations in orderto study the phenotypes associated with recessive lethal mutations (l−) that decrease the rate of cell divisionand thus make only very tiny homozygous mutant clones that are difficult to analyze. Many differentstrains of Drosophila carry dominant loss-of-functionMinute (M) mutations in a variety of genes encodingribosomal protein subunits. The M genes are haploinsufficient; flies with only one wild-type M+ gene copyhave a slower pace of cell division, and thus prolongeddevelopment and subtle morphological abnormalities.To circumvent the tiny clone problem, researchersgenerate GFP-marked homozygous l−/ l− clones thatare also M+/ M+, in flies that are l−/ l+ and M−/ M+.The loss of the Minute mutation only in cells withinthe clone gives the l−/ l− cells a growth advantageover their neighbors, enabling the mutant clone togrow large enough to study. Diagram chromosomesthat could be used to generate such clonesarrow_forward
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