Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 22ESP

Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome only from the mother, evolutionarily the mitochondrial genome in males encounters a dead end. The mitochondrial genome in males has no significant impact on the genetic information of future generations. Scientists have proposed that this can result in an accumulation of mutations that have a negative impact on genetic fitness of males but not females. Experiments with Drosophila support this possibility. What experimental data or evidence would you want to evaluate or consider to determine if an accumulation of mtDNA mutations negatively impacts the fitness of males of any species?

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As a volunteer in a genetics lab, Professor Uhura tasked you with testing the biparental mitochondria inheritance hypothesis in Drosophila for a metabolic phenotype that they are studying. Because you just got started in the lab, the professor tells you are not allowed to use any high-end high-tech resources to perform your experiments and to collect data. The only resources you have access to are the various stocks of Drosophila available in the incubators, the resources to feed the flies and to transfer the flies from vial to vial to perform crosses, and tools to measure the metabolic phenotype of interest.  Describe an experimental approach using crosses you could follow that could potentially provide you with data to support the biparental mtDNA inheritance hypothesis?
Our understanding of maternal effect genes has been greatly aided by their identification in experimental organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In experimental organisms with a short generation time, geneticists have successfully searched for mutant alleles that prevent the normal process of embryonic development. In many cases, the offspring die at early embryonic or larval stages. These are called maternal effect lethal alleles. How would a researcher identify a mutation that produced a recessive maternal effect lethal allele?
Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?

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Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)

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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY