Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2CP
Compare the control of cardiac muscle and smooth muscles with that of skeletal muscles. How is each type of muscle tissue affected by cutting its innervation?
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How does the neuron activate the muscle fiber?
Use key terms below and identify them on a diagram.
Brain, motor neuron, action potential (AP), neuromuscular junction (NMJ), muscle fiber
Why is it important that skeletal muscle tissues work voluntarily and smooth and cardiac muscle tissues are involuntary?
Which of the following statements is unique to skeletal muscle?
O a) skeletal muscle has striations
O b) skeletal muscle is attached to bones
O c) skeletal muscle is under voluntary control
O d) skeletal muscle is multinucleated
O all of the above
O b, c, & d but not a
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 9 - Describe the preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 9 - Compare the control of cardiac muscle and smooth...Ch. 9 - Describe the sympathetic pathway from the CNS to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9 - Prob. 5CPCh. 9 - Prob. 6CPCh. 9 - Prob. 7CPCh. 9 - Prob. 8CPCh. 9 - Explain how the effects of the sympathetic and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RA
Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACh. 9 - Prob. 3RACh. 9 - Prob. 4RACh. 9 - Which of these fibers release norepinephrine? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 6RACh. 9 - Prob. 7RACh. 9 - Prob. 8RACh. 9 - Prob. 9RACh. 9 - Prob. 10RACh. 9 - Prob. 11RACh. 9 - A drug that serves as an agonist for ai receptors...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13RACh. 9 - Prob. 14RACh. 9 - Compare the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16RACh. 9 - Prob. 17RACh. 9 - Prob. 18RACh. 9 - Prob. 19RACh. 9 - Prob. 20RACh. 9 - Prob. 21RACh. 9 - Prob. 22RACh. 9 - Prob. 23RACh. 9 - Prob. 24RACh. 9 - Prob. 25RACh. 9 - Prob. 26RACh. 9 - Prob. 27RACh. 9 - Prob. 28RACh. 9 - Prob. 29RACh. 9 - Prob. 30RACh. 9 - Refer to table 7.3 to obtain axon diameters and...
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- The tickle response can also trigger escape movements, increased heart rate and tears. What type of efferent neurons influence skeletal muscle movements, and which ones are responsible for increased heart rate, tears, etc.?arrow_forwardLower back pain is quite common in America and treatments for this pain include muscle relaxants. How does the drug cyclobenzaprine work as a muscle relaxant at a cellular level? Which part of the muscle contraction is interrupted by cyclobenzaprine? Is it effective on the muscle itself or active in the central nervous system?arrow_forwardPlease fill in the blanks: A(n) ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"] consists of a wave of depolarization that moves along the plasma membrane of a neuron or a muscle fiber. This wave of depolarization is immediately followed by repolarization. Depolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "negative", "positive"] . Depolarization occurs when calcium channels open in the plasma membrane. Repolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "positive", "negative"] , returning the cell to its resting potential. Repolarization occurs when ["calcium", "sodium", "potassium"] channels close and ["sodium", "calcium", "potassium"] channels open.arrow_forward
- Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in its structure and regulation of contraction.arrow_forwardWhy would cardiac muscle cells and some smooth muscle cells.continue to contract even when their nerve supply has been removed or severed?arrow_forwardHow would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect calcium levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR pick one answerarrow_forward
- Discuss the three types of muscle tissues: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Discuss the differences between each tissue type.arrow_forwardDescribe the pathway of the electrical impulse from the central nervous system to the contraction of a muscle.arrow_forwardHow will the function of skeletal muscle tissue in your hands be affected over time when used consistently?arrow_forward
- Distinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following description is common to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle or both skeletal and cardiac muscle. increase in tension during contraction of the muscle organ involves recruitment of other cells is primarily under the control of the autonomic nervous system all cells depolarize and contract during every contraction of the muscle organ different neurotransmitters can increase or decrease the rate of contraction action potentials begin electrical depolarization by a voltage-gated Na+ channel 1. skeletal muscle 2. cardiac muscle increase in cytosolic 3. skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle calcium increases tension in muscle cells prolonged depolarization is due to Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane contraction is not under the control of hormones relaxation occurs when cytosolic calcium is reduced to resting levels increase in tension during contraction of single cells is associated with a higher frequency of action potentialsarrow_forwardDescribe how connective tissue associates with skeletal muscle.arrow_forward
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