Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 16RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The regulation of the effectors that only receive sympathetic innervation.
Introduction:
The brain controls and coordinates all the physiological process of a body and the system is known as the nervous system. The nervous system includes the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord whereas the PNS includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves present throughout the body.
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Explain the concept of dual innervation.
Describe the sympathetic vasomotor tone: its origin, the neurotransmitter and receptor responsible for the effect.
Describe the effect of sympathetic innervation on each effector organ, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 9 - Describe the preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 9 - Compare the control of cardiac muscle and smooth...Ch. 9 - Describe the sympathetic pathway from the CNS to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9 - Prob. 5CPCh. 9 - Prob. 6CPCh. 9 - Prob. 7CPCh. 9 - Prob. 8CPCh. 9 - Explain how the effects of the sympathetic and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RA
Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACh. 9 - Prob. 3RACh. 9 - Prob. 4RACh. 9 - Which of these fibers release norepinephrine? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 6RACh. 9 - Prob. 7RACh. 9 - Prob. 8RACh. 9 - Prob. 9RACh. 9 - Prob. 10RACh. 9 - Prob. 11RACh. 9 - A drug that serves as an agonist for ai receptors...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13RACh. 9 - Prob. 14RACh. 9 - Compare the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16RACh. 9 - Prob. 17RACh. 9 - Prob. 18RACh. 9 - Prob. 19RACh. 9 - Prob. 20RACh. 9 - Prob. 21RACh. 9 - Prob. 22RACh. 9 - Prob. 23RACh. 9 - Prob. 24RACh. 9 - Prob. 25RACh. 9 - Prob. 26RACh. 9 - Prob. 27RACh. 9 - Prob. 28RACh. 9 - Prob. 29RACh. 9 - Prob. 30RACh. 9 - Refer to table 7.3 to obtain axon diameters and...
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- Explain what dual innervation means with regard to the autonomic nervous system.arrow_forwardidentify and describe the four basic pathways used in the sympathetic division.arrow_forwardIn most instances the sympathetic and parasympathetic have opposite effects on effectors where they both innervate. Describe an example where they have cooperative effects, not the opposite.arrow_forward
- Describe the sympathetic vasomotor tone: its origin, the neurotransmitter and receptor responsible for the effect. What is the physiological significance of the sympathetic tone?arrow_forwardList and describe the major effects of parasympathetic stimulation. Explain why sympathetic effectstend to be systemic and long lasting, while parasympathetic effects are local and short lived.arrow_forwardA target effector, such as the heart, receives input from the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. What is the actual difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions at the level of those connections (i.e., at the synapse)? Why does smoking increase the risk of heart disease? Provide two reasons based on autonomic function.arrow_forward
- Contrast the functions of the sympathetic and para-sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.arrow_forwardNAME THE CHEMICALS INVOLVED BOTH IN SYMPATHETIC ANDPARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.arrow_forwardDescribe the four major ways by which sympathetic axonspass from sympathetic chain ganglia to effectors. Name fourabdominopelvic autonomic nerve plexuses.arrow_forward
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