Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 14RQ
What is the function of a phosphatase?
- A phosphatase removes phosphorylated amino acids from proteins.
- A phosphatase removes the phosphate group from phosphorylated amino acid residues in a protein.
- A phosphatase phosphorylates serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.
- A phosphatase degrades second messengers in the cell.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Select statements that accurately describe receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
Some RTKs are dimeric in the presence of a ligand.
GTPase activity is required for autophosphorylation (cross-phosphorylation).
The structure includes a transmembrane helix.
The intracellular domain has kinase domains.
The a subunit contains seven a helices that span the membrane.
A ligand binds to the extracellular domain.
The Table below shows the names of proteins whose functions are regulated through the binding of their ligands. Complete this
Table by filling in the correct ligands for each of the proteins, the corresponding K, value, the affinity of this protein for its ligand
and the source where the protein is found.
Example
Protein
Avidin
1
Insulin receptor
2 Anti-HIV immunoglobulin
3
Nickel binding protein
4 Myoglobin
5 Myosin
6 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
7 Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)
8 Guanylyl cyclase
Ligand
Biotin
Kd (M)
1 x 10-15
Affinity
high
Source/Organism
Egg white
Kinases are enzymes responsible for transferring the terminal phosphate of ATP to the side chains of serines, threonines, and tyrosines in proteins. This is called phosphorylation. Many kinases require autophosphorylation before they can phosphorylate other targets. Discuss how phosphorylation of Ser, Thr, and Tyr changes their chemical properties and how phosphorylation of a kinase might help make it active for other substrates..
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- Which of the following catalyzes the cutting of PIP2 into 2 moles of IP3 and diacylglycerol in cell signaling? a) Phosphodiesterase C b) Phosphokinase C c) Phospholipase C d) Lipokinasearrow_forwardWhat are the enzymatic activities of the sodium-potassium ATPase (pump)? binds to and hydrolyzes ATP; binds to 3 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 2 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasm binds to and hydrolyzes GTP; binds to 3 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases into nucleus; binds to 2 K+ inside cell and releases into lysosome binds to and hydrolyzes 3 ATP; binds to 1 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 1 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasm binds to and hydrolyzes ATP; binds to 2 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 3 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasmarrow_forwardMost hormones, such as peptide hormones, exert their effects by binding to cell- surface receptors. However, steroid hormones do so by binding to cytosolic receptors. How is this possible?arrow_forward
- Histamine is a chemical substance released in inflammatory and allergic response. The histamine H1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C in response to the binding of histamine. Arrange the data below showing the process of histamine signal transduction from the H1 receptor. Calcium ions flow through ligand-gated ion channel. Phosphorylation cascade leads to the activation of a cellular response. Calcioum ions activate a protein, leading to a cellular response. Enzyme cleaves PIP2, forming DAG and IP3. Calcium iom concentration increases in the cytosol. IP3 binds to a ligand-gated ion channel in thw ER membrane.arrow_forwardProtein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important regulatory mechanisms. Protein kinases attach phosphoryl groups to target proteins, while only a phosphatase removes the phosphoryl group. What does this method of covalent control cost in terms of energy?arrow_forwardThe activity of an enzyme can be altered when it becomes negatively charged due to: phosphate removal by a kinase, which is called dephosphorylation phosphate removal by a phosphatase, which is called dephosphorylation phosphate removal by a kinase, which is called phosphorylation phosphate addition by a phosphatase, which is called dephosphorylation phosphate addition by a kinase, which is called phosphorylationarrow_forward
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- The biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…arrow_forwardExplain why cells contain an array of protein phosphatases as well as protein kinases.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is NOT true about ECM? O ECM is composed of an interlocking mesh of fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans. O ECM supports cell-to-cell communication and stem cell differentiation. O Proteoglycan complex has a unique bottle brush-like structure. It is positively (+) charged. It is composed glycosaminoglycans and carbohydrates that are attached to the proteins. O ECM is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.arrow_forward
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