An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained. Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

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Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.

Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase . The enzyme has 3 alpha-beta and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains change in membrane potential=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. . What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.

Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.6PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: An example in which ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and a way that an ion gradient can be generated and maintained.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: An example in which an ion gradient is used to make ATP and another use for ion gradient.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: Hydrolysis of ATP to drive the outward transport of sodium ions on a 2:1 and 3:1 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Use of photo gradient by cell to drive ATP synthesis on a 1:1 and 1:2 basis.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involve the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide the energy. The ion gradients maintained across the plasma membranes of most cells play a significant role in cellular energetic. Ion gradients are often either generated by the hydrolysis of ATP or used to make ATP by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 8 - What is the difference between the concentration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2CC Ch. 8 - A researcher is studying a fern that is shown to...Ch. 8 - How are carrier proteins and channel proteins...Ch. 8 - How would you determine whether a specific...Ch. 8 - Both the Na+/glucose symporter and the Na+/K+ pump...Ch. 8 - You are studying the energetics of transport of...Ch. 8 - True or False? Indicate whether each of the...Ch. 8 - Telling Them Apart. From the following list of...Ch. 8 - Mechanisms of Transport. For each of the following...

Solution Summary: The author explains how ATP is used to generate and maintain an ion gradient and how it can be used.

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