Concept explainers
An ionic bond is formed between a cation
how would the energy of the ionic bond be affected by the following changes: (a) doubling the radius of
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Chemistry
- Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?arrow_forwardConsider the reactions of silver metal, Ag(s), with each of the halogens: fluorine, F2(g), chlorine, Cl2(g), and bromine, Br2(l). What chapter data could you use to decide which reaction is most exothermic? Which reaction is that?arrow_forwardDefine the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?arrow_forward
- Which compound in each of the following pairs of ionic substances has the most negative lattice energy? Justify your answers. a. LiF, CsF b. NaBr, NaI c. BaCl2, BaO d. Na2SO4, CaSO4 e. KF, K2O f. Li2O, Na2Sarrow_forward39. How many grams are in 2.3 x 104 formula units of KNO,? (A) 38.6 grams (B) 102.3 grams (C) 140 gramsS (D) 386 grams 40. Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and first ionization energy as the elements in Period 3 are considered in order from Na to Cl? (A) Electronegativity increases, and first ionization energy decreases (B) Electronegativity decreases, and first ionization energy decreases (C) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both increase (D) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both decrease 2020 Illuminate Education TM, Inc. 9.arrow_forwardAn ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice energy of6 * 103 kJ>mol. Is the charge on the ion M likely to be1+, 2+, or 3+? Explain.arrow_forward
- The relative ionic radii of four ions, A, B, X, and Y, are shown. The ions shown in teal carry positive charges: a +2 charge for A and a +1 charge for B. The ions shown in blue carry negative charges: a -1 charge for X and a -2 charge for Y. -2 +1 Which combinations of these ions will produce ionic +2 compounds where there is a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions? A and X Y B and Y A and Y B and X Of the combinations that produce an ionic compound Of the combinations that produce an ionic compound with a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions, which combination with a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions, which combination results in the ionic compound with the largest results in the ionic compound with the smallest lattice energy? lattice energy? A and Y O B and Y B and X A and X B and Y B and X A and X O A and Yarrow_forward39. How many grams are in 2.3 x 1024 formula units of KNO3? (A) 38.6 grams (B) 102.3 grams (C) 140 grams (D) 386 grams 40. Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and first ionization energy as the elements in Period 3 are considered in order from Na to Cl? (A) Electronegativity increases, and first ionization energy decreases (B) Electronegativity decreases, and first ionization energy decreases (C) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both increase (D) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both decreasearrow_forward29. Which of the following particles has a central atom that does NOT obey the octet rule in its most stable form? (А) HCN (B) H2O (C) ВеН2 (D) PClз 30. A sample of element X contains 90% X-35, 8.0% X-37, and 2.0% X-38 atoms. The average atomic mass will be closest to which value? (A) 35 (B) 36 (C) 37 (D) 38 31. What is the molecular geometry of carbon dioxide, CO2? (A) Bent (B) Tetrahedral (C) Trigonal pyramidal (D) Lineararrow_forward
- Illustrated are four ions — A, B, X, and Y— showing their relative ionic radii. The ions shown in red carry positive charges: a 2+ charge for A and a 1+ charge for B. Ions shown in blue carry negative charges: a 1- charge for X and a 2- charge for Y. (a) Which combinations of these ions produce ionic compounds where there is a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions?(b) Among the combinations in part (a), which leads to the ionic compound having the largest lattice energy? Why?arrow_forwardNa+ forms an “ionic bond” (i.e. an electrostatic attraction) with the OCN− ion. (a) Draw the full Lewis structure of the ionic compound. Be sure to show how you have derived this. (The ionic compound as a whole, not just OCN-) (b) Which atom in the OCN− anion is the sodium cation most likely to attract? Explain.arrow_forward
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