Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 8, Problem 148AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The maximum
Concept introduction:
Bond enthalpy is defined as the energy required to break a bond of one mole of a substance.
The formula to calculate the wavelength is represented as:
Here,
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In chemical reactions, heat is converted into chemical energy (the potential energy stored
in chemical bonds) or vice versa. Bond energy is the energy required to break one mole of
the bond in the gas phase. Since it takes energy to break a bond, bond energies are
always positive. Conversely, energy is released when bonds are formed. Thus, the
enthalpy change for a reaction can be approximated from
Part A
Calculate the bond energy per mole for breaking all the bonds in methane, CH4.
ΔΗ
Σ(ΔΗ breaking) + Σ(ΔΗ forming)
Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.
where H represents bond energies for the breaking (positive bond energy) or forming
(negative bond energy) of a bond and Hrxn represents the overall enthalpy for the
• View Available Hint(s)
reaction.
Use the table to answer questions about bond energies.
HẢ
Bond energy
Bond
(kJ/mol )
Value
Units
AHCH, =
C-C
347
C=C
611
Submit
Сн
414
C-O
360
Part B
C=OinCO2
799
O-0
142
Calculate the bond…
Hydrazine, N2H4, burns in oxygen as follows:
N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O
[The bond energies in kJ/mol are: N-H = 388; N-N 163; N≡N 944; O-H 463; O=O 496]
Draw the chemical structures of the reactants and products and
give the formula to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction, ΔH.
When gaseous sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentratedsulfuric acid, disulfuric acid forms:SO₃(g)+ H₂SO₄(l) →H₂S₂O₇(l) Use bond energies Table to determine ΔH°ᵣₓₙ. (The S atoms in H₂S₂O₇ are bonded through an O atom. Assume Lewis structures with zero formal charges; BE of SNO is 552 kJ/mol.)
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 8.1 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Write Lewis dot symbols...Ch. 8.1 - Practice Problem BUILD
Indicate the charge on...Ch. 8.1 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE For each of the...Ch. 8.1 - 8.1.1 Using only a periodic table, determine the...Ch. 8.1 - 8.1.2 Using only a periodic table, determine the...Ch. 8.1 - To which group does element X belong if its Lewis...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 4CPCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.2 - Practice ProblemBUILD Arrange the compounds NaF,...Ch. 8.2 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Common ions of four...
Ch. 8.2 - 8.2.1 Will the lattice energy of KF be larger or...Ch. 8.2 - 8.2.2 Using the following data, calculate the...Ch. 8.2 - 8.2.3 Lattice energies are graphed for three...Ch. 8.3 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Using data from Figures...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.4 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Classify the following...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.4 - In which of the following molecules are the bonds...Ch. 8.4 - Using data from Table 8.5, calculate the magnitude...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3CPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.5 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.5 - Identify the correct Lewis structure for formic...Ch. 8.5 - Identity the correct Lewis structure for hydrogen...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.6 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.6 - Determine the formal charges on H, C, and N,...Ch. 8.6 - 8.6.2 Which of the Lewis structures shown is most...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.7 - Practice ProblemBUILD Draw the Lewis structure for...Ch. 8.7 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Of the three Lewis...Ch. 8.7 - Indicate which of the following are resonance...Ch. 8.7 - 8.7.2 How many resonance structures can be drawn...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.8 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.8 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
The hypothetical...Ch. 8.8 - In which of the following species does the central...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 2CPCh. 8.8 - In which species does the central atom obey the...Ch. 8.8 - 8.8.4 How many lone pairs are there on the central...Ch. 8.9 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.9 - Practice ProblemBUILD Use Lewis structures and...Ch. 8.9 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.9 - 8.9.1 Use data from Table 8.6 to estimate for the...Ch. 8.9 - Use data from Table 8.6 to estimate Δ H rxn for...Ch. 8.9 - Use bond enthalpies to determine Δ H rxn for the...Ch. 8.9 - Prob. 4CPCh. 8.10 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Draw all possible...Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.10 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE The Lewis structure...Ch. 8.11 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.11 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.11 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.12 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.12 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 8.12 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8.13 - Prob. 1PPACh. 8.13 - Practice Problem BUILD
Using the following...Ch. 8.13 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 8 - 8.1
Which of the following atoms must always obey...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2KSPCh. 8 - Prob. 3KSPCh. 8 - Prob. 4KSPCh. 8 - What is a Lewis dot symbol? What elements do we...Ch. 8 - Use the second member of each group from Group 1A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3QPCh. 8 - 8.4 Write Lewis dot symbols for the following...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis dot symbols for the following atoms...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 7QPCh. 8 - Name five metals and five nonmetals that are very...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 10QPCh. 8 - Prob. 11QPCh. 8 - The term molar mass was introduced in Chapter 3....Ch. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - Prob. 14QPCh. 8 - Prob. 15QPCh. 8 - Explain how the lattice energy of an ionic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17QPCh. 8 - Prob. 18QPCh. 8 - 8.19 Use the Born-Haber cycle outlined in Section...Ch. 8 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl 2 . Use data...Ch. 8 - An ionic bond is formed between a cation A + and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22QPCh. 8 - Use Lewis dot symbols to show the transfer of...Ch. 8 - Write the Lewis dot symbols of the reactants and...Ch. 8 - 8.25 Describe Lewis’s contribution to our...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 30QPCh. 8 - Prob. 31QPCh. 8 - Prob. 32QPCh. 8 - Prob. 33QPCh. 8 - Define electronegativity, and explain the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 37QPCh. 8 - Using information in Table 8.5. calculate the...Ch. 8 - List the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - Classify the following bonds as covalent, polar...Ch. 8 - 8.41 Classify the following bonds as covalent,...Ch. 8 - 8.42 List the following bonds in order of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 46QPCh. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49QPCh. 8 - Prob. 50QPCh. 8 - 8.51 Draw Lewis structures for the following ions:...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for the following ions: (a)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 57QPCh. 8 - 8.58 Draw three resonance structures for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 60QPCh. 8 - Draw three reasonable resonance structures for the...Ch. 8 - Draw three resonance structures for the molecule N...Ch. 8 - Prob. 63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 67QPCh. 8 - Prob. 68QPCh. 8 - Prob. 69QPCh. 8 - The AlI 3 molecule has an incomplete octet around...Ch. 8 - Prob. 71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 72QPCh. 8 - 8.73 Write a Lewis structure for Does this...Ch. 8 - Prob. 74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 75QPCh. 8 - 8.76 Draw two resonance structures for the bromate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 77QPCh. 8 - What is bond enthalpy? Bond enthalpies of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 82QPCh. 8 - For the reaction 2 C 2 H 6 ( g ) + 7 O 2 ( g ) → 4...Ch. 8 - Prob. 84QPCh. 8 - 8.85. Use average bond enthalpies from Table 8.6...Ch. 8 - Prob. 86APCh. 8 - Prob. 87APCh. 8 - Prob. 88APCh. 8 - Prob. 89APCh. 8 - Prob. 90APCh. 8 - 8.91 Describe some characteristics of an ionic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92APCh. 8 - Prob. 93APCh. 8 - Prob. 94APCh. 8 - Prob. 95APCh. 8 - Prob. 96APCh. 8 - Prob. 97APCh. 8 - Prob. 98APCh. 8 - Prob. 99APCh. 8 - Prob. 100APCh. 8 - Prob. 101APCh. 8 - Prob. 102APCh. 8 - Prob. 103APCh. 8 - Prob. 104APCh. 8 - Which of the following species are isoelectronic:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106APCh. 8 - 8.107 Draw two resonance structures for each...Ch. 8 - The following species have been detected in...Ch. 8 - The amide ion ( NH 2 − ) is a Brø�nsted base. Use...Ch. 8 - Prob. 110QPCh. 8 - The triiodide ion ( I 3 − ) in which the I atoms...Ch. 8 - Prob. 112APCh. 8 - In 1999, an unusual cation containing only...Ch. 8 - Prob. 114APCh. 8 - Prob. 115APCh. 8 - Prob. 116APCh. 8 - In the gas phase, aluminum chloride exists as a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 118APCh. 8 - Calculate Δ H º for the reaction H 2 ( g ) + I 2 (...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for the following organic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 121APCh. 8 - Prob. 122APCh. 8 - Prob. 123APCh. 8 - Write three resonance structures for (a) the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125APCh. 8 - Prob. 126APCh. 8 - Prob. 127APCh. 8 - Prob. 128APCh. 8 - Prob. 129APCh. 8 - Prob. 130APCh. 8 - Prob. 131APCh. 8 - Among the common inhaled anesthetics are:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133QPCh. 8 - Prob. 134QPCh. 8 - Prob. 135QPCh. 8 - 8.136 Using this and data from Appendix 2,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 137QPCh. 8 - Prob. 138APCh. 8 - Prob. 139APCh. 8 - Prob. 140APCh. 8 - Prob. 141APCh. 8 - Prob. 142APCh. 8 - Prob. 143APCh. 8 - Although nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ) is a stable...Ch. 8 - 8.145 The chlorine nitrate molecule is believed...Ch. 8 - The hydroxyl radical ( OH ) plays an important...Ch. 8 - Prob. 147APCh. 8 - Prob. 148APCh. 8 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 8 - 2. Use formal charges to choose the best of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 8 - Prob. 4SEPP
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- Write all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forwardUsing the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardThe equation for the combustion of gaseous methanol is 2 CH3OH(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) (a) Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction. What is the enthalpy of combustion of one mole of gaseous methanol? (b) Compare your answer in part (a) with the value of tHcalculated using enthalpies of formation data.arrow_forward
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