Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 2TMW
In bacteria, polypeptide translation can begin even before mRNA transcription is complete. Why can’t this happen in eukaryotes?
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Identify whether each of the following descriptions applies to typical prokaryotic genomes only,
typical eukaryotic genomes only, both, or neither, according to lecture. Answer options may be used
more than once or not at all.
Composed of double-stranded DNA only.
Each chromosome has a centromere.
Species with larger genomes have more
genes.
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
prokaryotes only
neither eukaryotes or prokaryotes
eukaryotes only
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[Choose ]
Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both.
Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription
Sigma binds to the promoter
mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit
Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons
Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end
tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon
STOP codon results in termination
Which of the following parts of translation is significantly different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Question 25 options:
A)
the presence of a start codon
B)
the genetic code
C)
Initial binding of mRNA by ribosomes
D)
movement of mRNA and tRNA through the 3 sites on the ribosome
E)
binding of tRNAs to mRNAs
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 7 - DNA replication requires a large amount of energy,...Ch. 7 - In bacteria, polypeptide translation can begin...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 7 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 7 - Clinical Case Study Deadly Horizontal Gene...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most likely the number...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a true statement...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7 - Prob. 5MC
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6MCCh. 7 - Prob. 7MCCh. 7 - Prob. 8MCCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCCh. 7 - Prob. 10MCCh. 7 - Which of the following is not a mechanism of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12MCCh. 7 - Prob. 13MCCh. 7 - Which of the following are called jumping genes?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15MCCh. 7 - Prob. 16MCCh. 7 - Prob. 17MCCh. 7 - Prob. 18MCCh. 7 - Prob. 19MCCh. 7 - Prob. 20MCCh. 7 - Prob. 21MCCh. 7 - Prob. 22MCCh. 7 - Prob. 23MCCh. 7 - Prob. 24MCCh. 7 - The trp operon is repressible. This means it is...Ch. 7 - The three steps in RNA transcription are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 7 - An operon consists of ____________,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 7 - A daughter DNA molecule is composed of one...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 7 - ____________ is a recombination event that occurs...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 12FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 1SACh. 7 - Prob. 2SACh. 7 - Prob. 3SACh. 7 - Polypeptide synthesis requires large amounts of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SACh. 7 - Prob. 6SACh. 7 - Prob. 7SACh. 7 - Prob. 8SACh. 7 - Describe how DNA is packaged in both prokaryotes...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10SACh. 7 - Prob. 11SACh. 7 - Prob. 12SACh. 7 - On the figure below, label DNA polymerase I, DNA...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2VICh. 7 - Prob. 3VICh. 7 - If molecules of mRNA have the following nucleotide...Ch. 7 - A scientist uses a molecule of DNA composed of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CTCh. 7 - Prob. 4CTCh. 7 - Prob. 5CTCh. 7 - Suppose that the E. coli gene for the lac operon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CTCh. 7 - Prob. 8CTCh. 7 - Prob. 9CTCh. 7 - How can knowledge of nucleotide analogs be useful...Ch. 7 - The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12CTCh. 7 - Prob. 13CTCh. 7 - Prob. 14CTCh. 7 - What DNA nucleotide triplet codes for codon UGU?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CT
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- Why can translation in prokaryotes begin before transcription ends?arrow_forwardTranscription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. It is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template). Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. What is the difference between Rho Dependent and Rho Independent termination in prokaryotes?arrow_forwardWhich statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forward
- Researchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? during initiation during elongation during termination during protein releasearrow_forwardIn EUKARYOTIC translation, how does initiation of translation occur? a) What components of the mature mRNA are involved (2 components) and b) what proteins are involved (at least 2 proteins)?arrow_forwardThe following mRNA transcript would result in which polypeptide sequence? 5'-ACU UUC ACU AUG UUU UUA UCC UCC ACU CCU UGA-3' Use the following codons and the amino acids they encode: AUG = Start or Met; UUU, UUC = Phe; UUA, UUG = Leu; UCU, UCC = Ser; CCU, CCC = Pro; ACU, ACC = Thr; UGA = Stop. Select one: O a. Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-Pro O b. Met-Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-Pro O c. Thr-Phe-Thr-Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-Pro Od. Met-Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser O e. Thr-Phe-Thrarrow_forward
- In bacterial genes, as soon as any partial mRNA transcript is produced by the RNA polymerase system, the ribosome assembles on it and starts translating. Draw a diagram of this process, identifying 5′ and 3′ ends of mRNA, the COOH and NH2 ends of the protein, the RNA polymerase, and at least one ribosome. Why couldn’t this system work in eukaryotes?arrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? A - during initiationB - during elongationC = during terminationD = during protein releasearrow_forwardWhich of the following interactions in E. coli ensures that the start codon of an mRNA is accurately positioned in a ribosome at the initiation of translation? O binding between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ribosomal proteins base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit O binding between ribosomal proteins and the initiation factor that base-pairs with the start codon O base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the large ribosomal subunitarrow_forward
- For translation of eukaryotic mRNA sequences: a) The stop codon stops translation by blocking the ribosome. b) The tRNA is the same thing as the amino acid. c) There are two binding pockets within the ribosome where different tRNAs will bind to the mRNA. d) The first codon that is recognized by the ribosome is UAG e) The ribosome can bind to the mRNA in any location.arrow_forwarda) The deacetylation of histones generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? b)During eukaryotic translation, the first contact between the ribosome and the mRNA is usually made when the small ribosomal subunit directly binds to the translational start site (Kozak sequence) on the mRNA. True or false? c)The termination of translation is carried out by a single tRNA molecule that recognizes all three stop codons. True or false? d) The deamination of cytosine, which produces uracil, is less likely to be repaired, compared to the deamination of 5-methylcytosine, which produces thymine.True or false? e)An HLH-bHLH heterodimer can bind DNA. True or false? F)Chromatin remodeling complexes posseses ATPase activity. True or false? g)Histone methylation generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? h) A pre-mRNA is cleaved downstream of its polyA signal before the transcription terminates. True or false? i) During X chromosome inactivation in female mammals, most genes are repressed…arrow_forwardThe initial step in the protein translation is described by: release of the initiation factors upon assembly of the initiation complex binding of mRNA to the smaller subunit of the ribosome delivery of an aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome formation of the aminoacyl-tRNAarrow_forward
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