Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. It is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template). Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. What is the difference between Rho Dependent and Rho Independent termination in prokaryotes?

The diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given.  Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once.   Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.

What effect would inhibitors of histone deacetylases have upon transcription? Group of answer choices They would increase transcription by making the chromatin more compact They would increase transcription by making the chromatin less compact They would decrease transcription by making the chromatin more compact They would decrease transcription by making the chromatin less compact   For this question, we will consider a eukaryotic mRNA that has four exons (E1, E2, E3, E4) and three introns (I1, I2, I3). What could occur if a protein were to bind over the 3' splice site of intron 2 (I2)? Group of answer choices The processed mRNA would consist of: E1+E2+E3+E4 The processed mRNA would consist only of: E1+E3 The processed mRNA would consist only of: E3+E4 The processed mRNA would consist of: E1+E2+E4

Here is a schematic map with a scale of a eukaryotic gene. How long is the processed mRNA transcript produced from this gene? Termination Start codon Stop codon sequence -35 -10 Exon 1 Intron 1 Exon 2 Intron 2 Exon 3 1 2 3 4. Genomic sequence (kb) (k = kilo = 1,000) 2200 bases 3200 bases 2000 bases 4200 bases

The RNA polymerase is only using one strand of DNA as a template, and only transcribes specific sequences. In eukaryotes, how does the RNA polymerase “know” which strand to use as a template and precisely where to initiate transcription? Explain your answer, including any relevant DNA sequences/structures and proteins needed for the process.

Unlike in prokaryotic cells,  transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells... Group of answer choices are separated: transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus. occur together in the cytosol. occur together in the nucleus. are separated, except for proteins that bind to the DNA and ribosomes, which are translated in the nucleus. are separated: transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

This is a list of molecular changes that could happen during DNA replication, transcription, mRNA processing, or translation. For each, determine whether or not the change will be passed down through generations of cells after it occurs. Explain your answer.  C->G point mutation in the DNA of a coding region of a gene A->T point mutation in the noncoding region of a gene An error in transcription changes the mRNA sequence such that what was an amino acid-coding codon in the DNA sequence is now a stop codon in the mRNA sequence. An error in translation causes the amino acid alanine (nonpolar) to be replaced by the amino acid glutamic acid (polar and negatively charged).

In Rho-independent termination of transcription (does NOT need the Rho protein), why does the mRNA fall off" of the template DNA?"Question 16 options: because the polymerase pauses over an AT-rich region of DNA because a helicase protein disrupts the H-bonds in the RNA:DNA hybrid because a stem-loop in the mRNA changes the conformation of the NusA protein because a stop codon is reached

Translational control of gene expression in humans regulates the synthesis of: RNA from an RNA template protein from an RNA template DNA from a DNA template protein from a DNA template RNA from a DNA template

Which of the following is not a reason that gene transcription is selective (occurs on specific segments of DNA)?Group of answer choices a) in eukaryotes, transcribed mRNA is processed to add a poly-A tail b) sigma factors direct RNA polymerase where to bind the DNA template c) promoters differ from gene to gene