The article “Some Parameters of the Population Biology of Spotted Flounder (Ciutharus linguatula Linnaeus, 1758) in Edremit Bay (North Aegean Sea)” (D. Türker, B. Bayhan, et al., Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 2005:1013–1018) reports that a sample of 482 female spotted flounder had an average weight of 20.95 g with a standard deviation of 14.5 g, and a sample of 614 male spotted flounder had an average weight of 22.79 g with a standard deviation of 15.6 g. Can you conclude that the
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- The article “Arsenic and Mercury in Lake Whitefish and Burbot Near the Abandoned Giant Mine on Great Slave Lake” (P. Cott, B. Zajdlik, et al., Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016:223–232) presents measurements of arsenic concentrations in fish found in Northern Canada. a) In a sample of 8 whitefish caught in Yellowknife Bay, the mean arsenic concentration in the liver was 0.32 mg/kg, with a standard deviation of 0.05 mg/kg. Find a 95% confidence interval for the concentration in whitefish found in Yellowknife Bay. b) In a sample of 8 whitefish caught in Baker Pond, the mean arsenic concentration in the liver was 0.55 mg/kg, with a standard deviation of 0.36 mg/kg. Should the Student’s t distribution be used to find a 95% confidence interval for the concentration in whitefish found in Baker Pond? If so, find the confidence interval. If not, explain why not.arrow_forwardThe Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) recommends that children 1 to 3 years old have a 1070 kilocalories (kcal) of energy intake. A random sample of 78 children 1 to 3 years old from a certain region reported an average energy intake of only 440 kcal with a standard deviation of 190 kcal. Can you conclude that the mean energy intake of children 1 to 3 years old from this region is significantly lower than the FNRI recommendation of 1070 kcal? Use a 5% level of significance.arrow_forwardThe article "Withdrawal Strength of Threaded Nails" (D. Rammer, S. Winistorfer, and D. Bender, Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001:442–449) describes an experiment comparing the withdrawal strengths for several types of nails. The data presented in the following table are consistent with means and standard deviations reported in the article for three types of nails: annularly threaded, helically threaded, and smooth shank. All nails had diameters within 0.1 mm of each other, and all were driven into the same type of lumber. Nail Withdrawal Strength (N/mm) Type Annularly 36.57 29.67 43.38 26.94 12.03 21.66 41.79 31.50 35.84 40.81 threaded Helically 14.66 24.22 23.83 21.80 27.22 38.25 28.15 36.35 23.89 28.44 threaded Smooth 12.61 25.71 17.69 24.69 26.48 19.35 28.60 42.17 25.11 19.98 shank Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value. Can you conclude that the mean withdrawal strength is different for different nail types? a. b.arrow_forward
- 9)) The amount of chlorine in 100 cm3 water taken from a water tank was measured, the average was 2.15 mg was found. The expert claims that the amount of chlorine in the water is greater than that measured. For this reason, 100 households were randomly selected, with an average chlorine content of 2.55mg and a variance of 0.49 mg. According to this data, find the account value z. A) 5,71 B) -8,15 C) 8,15 D) 0,54 E) -5,71arrow_forwardThe article “Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness Distribution and its Correlation with Anthropometric Variables” (A. Connolly, D. FitzPatrick, et al., Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2008:29–39) reports that in a sample of 11 men, the average volume of femoral cartilage (located in the knee) was 18.7 cm3 with a standard deviation of 3.3 cm3 and the average volume in a sample of 9 women was 11.2 cm3 with a standard deviation of 2.4 cm2. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean femoral cartilage volume between men and women.arrow_forwardThe article “Influence of Penetration Rate on Penetrometer Resistance” (J. Oliveira, M. Almeida, et al., Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2011:695– 703) presents measures of penetration resistance, expressed as a multiple of a standard quantity, for a certain fine-grained soil. Fifteen measurements taken at a depth of 1 m had a mean of 2.31 with a standard deviation of 0.89. Fifteen measurements taken at a depth of 2 m had a mean of 2.80 with a standard deviation of 1.10. Can you conclude that the penetration resistance differs between the two depths?arrow_forward
- A study was conducted by a group of neurosurgeons. They compared a dynamic system (Z-plate) and a static system (ALPS plate) in terms of the number of acute postoperative days in the hospital spent by the patients. The descriptive statistics for these data are as follows: for 14 patients with dynamic system, the sample mean number of acute postoperative days was 7.36 with standard deviation of 1.22; for 6 patients with static system the sample mean number of acute postoperative days was 10.5 with sample standard deviation of 4.59. Assume that the numbers of acute postoperative days in both populations are normally distributed. We wish to estimate µ1 − µ2 with a 99 percent confidence interval. Can you assume unknown population variance are equal. a. Degrees of freedom and t-value are b. Margin of error and confidence interval are c. Based on your interval in part (b), we can state with 99 percent confidence that the average numbers of acute postoperative days in two populations i.…arrow_forwardFollowing an oil spill, a particular region of the ocean is being tested for the level of a chemical called naphthalene. It is considered fact that fish from the region will be safe to eat if, and only if, the mean naphthalene level in the region is less than 3.3 parts per billion. A set of water specimens will be randomly selected from the region and tested, and if the results provide convinving evidence that the mean naphthalene level is less than 3.3, then the sale of fish from the region will be made legal. Which of the following describes a Type I error and its consequences? A) the authorities fail to obtain convincing evidence that the mean naphthalene level is less than 3.3, and do not legalize the sale of fish from the region when in fact the fish are SAFE for consumption. B) The definition of a Type I error depends on the actual results of the study in question C) The authorities fail to obtain convincing evidence that the mean naphthalene level is less than 3.3, and do not…arrow_forwardThe article “Occurrence and Distribution of Ammoniumin Iowa Groundwater” (K. Schilling, WaterEnvironment Research, 2002:177–186) describesmeasurements of ammonium concentrations (inmg/L) at a large number of wells in the state of Iowa.These included 349 alluvial wells and 143 quaternarywells. The concentrations at the alluvial wells averaged0.27 with a standard deviation of 0.40, and thoseat the quaternary wells averaged 1.62 with a standarddeviation of 1.70. Find a 95% confidence interval forthe difference in mean concentrations between alluvialand quaternary wells.arrow_forward
- The article “Arsenic and Mercury in Lake Whitefish and Burbot Near the Abandoned Giant Mine on Great Slave Lake” (P. Cott, B. Zajdlik, et al., Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016:223–232) presents measurements of arsenic concentrations in fish found in Northern Canada. In a sample of 8 whitefish caught in Yellowknife Bay, the mean arsenic concentration in the liver was 0.32 mg/kg, with a standard deviation of 0.05 mg/kg. Can you conclude that the mean arsenic concentration in whitefish in Yellowknife Bay is greater than 0.3 mg/kg?arrow_forwardThe deflection temperature under load for two different types of plastic pipe is being investigated. Two random samples of 15 pipe specimens are tested, and the deflection temperatures observed are as follows (in oF): Type 1: 206, 188, 205, 187, 194, 193, 207, 185, 189, 213, 192, 210, 194, 178, 205. Type 2: 177, 197, 206, 201, 180, 176, 185, 200, 197, 192, 198, 188, 189, 203, 192. 1. Determine the coefficient of dispersion of each type of plastic pipe. 2. Interpret the results. Compare the SDUS of the 10th observation in each type. What conclusion can you make?arrow_forwardThe production manager of a packaging company claims that the difference between the mean lengths of all corrugated boxes produced by two separate machines (M1 and M2) is at least 10.37 millimeters. A random sample of 181 corrugated boxes taken from Machine 1 (M1) produced a mean length of 177.40 millimeters, while a random sample of 99 corrugated boxes selected from Machine 2 (M2) gave an average length of 165.83 millimeters. The standard deviations for both populations are 3.02 millimeters and 5.61 millimeters, respectively. Assuming that both distributions are approximately normally distributed, test the hypothesis at 5% significance level and indicate if there is sufficient evidence to reject the production manager’s claim. Use the 24 critical-value approach.arrow_forward
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