Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 6, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Amplifier enzymes are those enzymes that increase the intensity of the received signal by producing large quantity of second messengers. The secondary messengers stimulate large number of other proteins or cell producing an amplified response..
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following happens if the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid increases too much?A) Potassium would be taken up by the oligodendrocytes, so no net change in signaaaling would result. B) No signaling could occur. C) The Neuron would become hyperexcitable D) The sodium pumps would immediately fix the situation, so no net change in signaling would result.
When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply)
a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell.
b) A G protein signaling mechanism outside the cell.
c) Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recycling.
d) The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic cell.
taw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane
before, during, and after an action potential, On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate
for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below
belongs.
List of cellular events:
A) All K* channels open
B) All Nat channels close
C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Nat and K* across the membrane.
D) All Na* channels open
E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained.
F) All K* channels close
G) Some Nat channels open
Your graph:
o pe
cffecton
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - Match the communication method on the left with...Ch. 6.1 - Which signal molecules listed in the previous...Ch. 6.1 - A cat sees a mouse and pounces on it. Do you think...Ch. 6.2 - List four components of signal pathways.Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 6.2 - What are the four steps of signal transduction?Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 8CCCh. 6.2 - Name the four categories of membrane receptors.Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 11CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 12CCCh. 6.3 - The extracellular fluid Ca2+ concentration...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 6.4 - What do receptors, enzymes, and transporters have...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 16CCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 17CCCh. 6.5 - What is the difference between tonic control and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 19CCCh. 6.5 - What is the difference between local control and...Ch. 6.5 - Name the seven steps in a reflex control pathway...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 22CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 23CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 24CCCh. 6 - What are the two routes for long-distance signal...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - An enzyme known as protein kinase adds the...Ch. 6 - Distinguish between central and peripheral...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8RQCh. 6 - Prob. 9RQCh. 6 - Prob. 10RQCh. 6 - Prob. 11RQCh. 6 - Explain the relationships of the terms in each of...Ch. 6 - List and compare the four classes of membrane...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14RQCh. 6 - Prob. 15RQCh. 6 - Prob. 16RQCh. 6 - Prob. 17RQCh. 6 - Identify the target tissue or organ for each...Ch. 6 - Now identify the integrating center for examples...Ch. 6 - In each of the following situations, identify the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 21RQCh. 6 - Prob. 22RQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What happens in the life of a classical neurotransmitter directly after amino acid precursor accumulates? A)amino acid precursor is metabolized and packed in vesicles B)amino acid precursor is degraded and recycled C)transmitter is accumulated by glia. D)transmitter stimulates autoreceptorsarrow_forwardEndothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium. They have an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelin activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ETA or ETB on a target cell. Which subunit of heterotrimeric G protein is released when the receptor is activated? a.) gamme b.) beta c.) alphaarrow_forwardA) Please explain what a G protein coupled receptor is. Please explain how G protein interacts with this receptor. B) Please explain the kind of reactions that follow binding a specific ligand to a G protein coupled receptor. What do these reactions do in the cell? C) How do these reactions work in the cell. What is the function of these reactions in the cell? How do the reactions proceed?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements (s) about the ESA is not true? a) ENS can stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid b) Parasympathetic nerve pathways can stimulate ENS c) ENS operates through local control d) The neuron in the ENS cannot affect motility without being directly linked to the CNS e) ENS consists of sensory and motor neuronsarrow_forwardWhich statement is TRUE regarding the Na+ voltage-gated channel in neurons? A) Similar to the potassium ion channel, it exists as a tetramer in the membrane. B) Aspartate residues are part of the voltage-sensing helices. C) Positive membrane potentials on the extracellular side will close the channel. D) Ion specificity comes from the voltage-sensing helices.arrow_forwardWhat is the likely function of the cytosolic cAMP in this transduction pathway? Question 16 options: a) It is a competitive inhibitor of the protein kinase. b) It is a hormone. c) It is a messenger RNA. d) It is a coenzyme. e) It is a second messenger.arrow_forward
- All except which one of the following can be a function of the heterotrimeric G protein of a GPCR? a) inhibit adenylyl cyclase b) activate adenylyl cyclase c) act as a protein kinase d) activate ion channelsarrow_forwardwhich In a rare condition in which the immediate release of neurotransmitter is affected, a mutation in gene would be detected. a) syntaxin b) synaptotagmin c) syanptobrevin d) synuclein danarrow_forwardDo GPCR ligands physically enter the cell through their receptor? a) Yes b) Noarrow_forward
- The enzyme(s) that determines the speed of biosynthesis of major neurotransmitters in some neurons in the CNS is: Tyrosine hydroxylase only amino acid decarboxylase only Tryptophan hydroxylase only both a) and c)arrow_forwardThe hormones known as "catecholamines" (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) are not lipid-soluble. Therefore their receptor sites are: O a) On the inside of the plasma membrane O b) On the outside of the plasma membrane O c) In the cell cytoplasm O d) In the cell nucleusarrow_forwardThe activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________. a) inside-out signalingb) outside-in signalingc) right-side-out signalingd) simple signalinge) integrinationarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license