a.
Introduction: Receptors are the proteins that have a specific site called the binding site that facilitates binding of the ligand. The binding site of the receptor is highly specific and allows only a single molecule or a class of molecule to attach to the receptor.
b.
To determine: The differences between neurotransmitter and neurohormone.
Introduction: Cell signaling is important for establishing coordination between the different cells for an organized functioning of the body. The signaling molecules play an important role in cell signaling. These molecules are released by the synapses or produced by certain organs that bind to the receptors present inside or outside the cell and induce changes in the functioning of the cell.
c.
To determine: Which among acetylcholine or epinephrine chemical messenger is secreted in higher concentration.
Introduction: The role of the receptor is to identify the signaling molecules and to attach them to the binding site present on them. Sometimes, more than one molecule binds to the binding site, and these molecules may be an antagonist or agonist.
To determine: The reason for the release of higher concentration of epinephrine.
Introduction: Hormones are the chemical messengers that induce
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- A patient comes into a hospital emergency room sedated and non-responsive. She had been at a college party where she drank many shots of vodka. What is the most likely explanation for her behavioral and physiological symptoms? A. The alcohol increased the actions of GABA at the GABA receptor chloride channel B. The alochol increased dopamine and serotonin activity by running the transporters backwards C. The alcohol blocked the dopamine reuptake transporter D. the alcohol activated serotinin autoreceptors in the brain E. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of neuropeptides?A. They produce effects that last for minutes.B. They are chemically similar to the genes on a chromosome.C. They are released close to their receptors.D. They are released from the tip of an axon.arrow_forwardOur nerve impulse travels from one neuron to the next in the form of. a. chemical signal b. electrical signal c. electromagnetic signal d. pressure signalarrow_forward
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- Catecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers are often used as a treatment to dilate blood vessels and therefore decrease arterial blood pressure (as a treatment for hypertension). This fact is excellent evidence to prove that the nervous system normally controlling the diameter of the arterial blood vessels is the: a. Somatosensory nervous system b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Reticular attenuating nervous system d. Parasympathetic nervous systemarrow_forwardAn animal is exposed to a plant toxin that breaks open synaptic vesicles in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine terminal buttons. The action of these neurotransmitters would be due to . A. decreased; the actions of monoamine oxidase B. decreased; inhibition of the reuptake transporter C. increased; the actions of monoamine oxidase D. increased; activation of the autoreceptorarrow_forwardLong-term methamphetamine use leads to changes in the brain. Think about how methamphetamine changed where dopamine was found in the cell. What are some changes that you might expect based on this simulation?arrow_forward
- Cocaine affects a synapse by blocking the reuptake or reabsorbtion of the neurotransmitter dopamine by the presynaptic neurons. Therefore,the levels of dopamine continue to build in the synapse, causing certain effects on the body. A. Explain how cocaine interferes with neural transmission across the synapse B.Describe the natural role of dopamine in the brain C. Predict how cocaine could be addictive after only one use.arrow_forwardMarijuana exerts its psychological effects through the actions of its active ingredient THC. What is the mechanism of action of THC? A. THC blocks dopamine reuptake transporters in the nucleus accumbens B. Marijuana does not act on the brain C. THC binds to receptors on dopaminergic terminal buttons in the nucleus accumbens to increase dopamine release D. THC binds to receptors on GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area to increase dopamine activityarrow_forwardNicotinic receptors bind A. acetylcholine and allow chloride ions to exit the cell. B. acetylcholine and allow sodium ions to enter the cell. C. muscarine and increase the contractility of intestinal muscle. D. norepinephrine and can either stimulate or inhibit the cell. E. norepinephrine and allow potassium entry, thereby exciting the cell.arrow_forward
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