Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 20P
A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the genotype phe- met- ara-is used as a recipient strain in a transduction experiment. The strain is unable to synthesize its own phenylalanine or methionine, and it carries a mutation that leaves it unable to utilize the sugar arabinose for growth. The recipient is crossed to a prototrophic strain with the genotype phe+ met+ ara+. The table below shows the selected marker and gives cotransduction frequencies for the unselected markers.
a. Identify the compounds present in each of the selective media.
b. Use the cotransduction data to determine the order of these genes.
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In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?
In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What information do you know based onthe question and your understanding of the topic?
Four Hfr strains (A, B, C, D), were all derived from a F+ strain of E. coli. When each
strain is used as a donor in an interrupted-conjugation experiment, the entry times of
the first five markers are indicated in the table below (time of entry in minutes is
indicated in brackets).
Below is a partial map of the F+ strain (distances not proportional). Match the
position of all genes with their correct position on this map.
Strain A
ala+ (5)
ser+ (10)
ade+ (15)
his+ (25)
val+ (30)
3
5
2
7
4
1
6
Strain B
ade+ (12)
his+ (22)
val+ (27)
pro+ (42)
met+ (45)
>
sert
ade+-
1.
lac+
his+
ala+
met+
mal+
pro+
val+
Strain C
pro+ (1)
met+ (6)
lac+ (11)
mal+ (21)
ala+ (31)
7.
Strain D
met+ (10)
pro+ (15)
val+ (30)
his+ (35)
ade+ (45)
2.
6.
3.
5.
4.
1. position #1
2. position #2
3. position #3
4. position #4
5. position #5
6. position #6
7. position #7
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 6 - For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F-, perform...Ch. 6 - The flow diagram identifies relationships between...Ch. 6 - Conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F-cell does...Ch. 6 - Bacteria transfer genes by conjugation,...Ch. 6 - Explain the importance of the following features...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6PCh. 6 - Describe what is meant by the term site-specific...Ch. 6 - What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?Ch. 6 - How is the frequency of cotransduction related to...Ch. 6 - Describe the differences between genetic...
Ch. 6 - Among the mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria,...Ch. 6 - What is lateral gene transfer? How might it take...Ch. 6 - Lateral gene transfer is thought to have played a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - A 2013 CDC report identified the practice of...Ch. 6 - Hfr strains that differ in integrated F factor...Ch. 6 - Five Hfr strains from the same bacterial species...Ch. 6 - An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr...Ch. 6 - An Hfr strain with the genotype cys+leu+met+strS...Ch. 6 - A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the...Ch. 6 - Penicillin was first used in the 1940 s to treat...Ch. 6 - An attribute of growth behavior of eight...Ch. 6 - Synthesis of the amino acid histidine is a...Ch. 6 - The phage P1 is used as a generalized transducing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Look closely at the consolidated Hfr map and the...Ch. 6 - Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium...
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- Wild-type bacteria were used as donors to transduce the following recipient genotypes with the results indicated as the number of wild type colonies: Recipient Recipient leu- phe+ his- met+ tyr+ leu- phe+ his+ met- tyr+ leu- phe+ his+ met+ tyr- leu- phe- his+ met+ tyr+ leu+ phe+ his-met- tyr+ 127 leu+ phe-his- met+ tyr+ #wild type 37 138 132 1 leu+ phe+ his- met+ tyr- leu+ phe-his+ met- tyr+ leu+ phe-hist met+ tyr- leu- phe+ his+ met+ tyr+ 22 6 leu+ phe+ his+ met- tyr- 148 31 304 leu+ phe+ his+ met+ tyr- What is the order of the genes? tyr-leu-his-phe-met O leu-met-phe-his-tyr leu-his-met-tyr-phe his-tyr-leu-phe-met #wild type 356 10arrow_forwardAustin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.arrow_forwardA prototrophic strain (his" arg" lac') was used as a donor to transform an auxotrophic strain (his arg lac'). Initial transformants are isolated on minimal medium + histidine + arginine + lactose - glucose. i. What genotypes will grow on this medium? ii. These colonies are replicated to minimal medium + histidine, and 50% of the original colonies grow. What genotypes will grow on this medium? iii. The original colonies are also replicated to minimal medium + arginine, and 10% of the colonies grow. What genotypes will grow on this medium? iv. The original colonies are also replicated to minimal medium. No colonies grow. Based on this information, what genotypes will grow on minimal medium + histidine and on minimal medium + arginine? What is the relative gene order for his, arg, and lac? Which two genes are closer? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers. The results are given in the following table: Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants Donor strain str thrA aceA+ thrA str aceA+ strs thrA+ aceA thrA+ str aceA Str Ace+ Str ThrA ThrA+ ThrA ThrA+ Ace Ace str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance, aceA gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source, thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine. Number 60 40 95 5 10 90 Determine the order of the genes and draw a genetic map showing this orderarrow_forwardFrom one Escherichia coli strain, five Hfr strains were isolated. The location and orientation of the origin of transfer of each Hfr strain are shown in Figure 1. want to use these five strains to map the locus responsible for thiamine synthesis, called thi. Each Hfr strain is sensitive to rifampicin (RifS) and Thi+. Conjugation experiments are performed between each of the Hfr strains and an F- RifR Thi 9 leu 10 20 30 nadD pyrC trp 40 his 50 60 70 cysG 80 90 metA 100 Hfr1 Hfr2 Hfr3 Hfr4 Hfr5 Figure 1: Chromosome map of Escherichia coli. Five Hfr strains (Hfr1 to Hfr5) were isolated and the location and orientation of the origin of transfer is shown by the arrows in each Hfr strain. Distances in minutes are indicated. Leu: leucine biosynthesis; nadD: NAD biosynthesis; pyrC: pyrimidine biosynthesis; trp: tryptophan biosynthesis; his: histidine biosynthesis; cysG: cysteine biosynthesis; metA: biosynthesis of methionine. 1) What is the selection medium used in these conjugation…arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Explain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular?arrow_forward
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…arrow_forwardFrom one Escherichia coli strain, five Hfr strains were isolated. The location and orientation of the origin of transfer of each Hfr strain are shown in Figure 1. want to use these five strains to map the locus responsible for thiamine synthesis, called thi. Each Hfr strain is sensitive to rifampicin (RifS) and Thi+. Conjugation experiments are performed between each of the Hfr strains and an F- RifR Thi leu 10 20 T nadD pyrC trp 30 his Donor strain Hfr1 Hfr2 Hfr3 Hfr4 Hfr5 The results are shown in the following table 60 70 cysG Colonies Thi 1000 0 400 0 25 80 90 metA 1,00 Hfr1 Hfr2 Figure 1: Chromosome map of Escherichia coli. Five Hfr strains (Hfr1 to Hfr5) were isolated and the location and orientation of the origin of transfer is shown by the arrows in each Hfr strain. Distances in minutes are indicated. Hfr 3 Leu: leucine biosynthesis; nadD: NAD biosynthesis; pyrC: pyrimidine biosynthesis; trp: tryptophan biosynthesis; his: histidine biosynthesis; cysG: cysteine biosynthesis; metA…arrow_forwarda. Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers. The results are given in the following table: Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants Donor strain str thrA aceAt thrA str aceA+ strs thrA+ aceA thrA+ str aceA Str Ace+ Str ThrA ThrA+ ThrA ThrA+ Ace Ace+ str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance, aceA: gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source, thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine. Number 60 40 95 5 10 90 What are the selective media used in these three transduction experiments, on the one hand to obtain the selected…arrow_forward
- By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Analyze data. Compare and contrast. Make a drawing.arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardAustin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several 200 mal+ genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. 150 In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl* mtl* mal* met* and sensitive to phage T6, with F strain AB-531, which was xyl mtl mal met and resistant to phage T6. The 100 mt/+ cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and 50 met+ interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of 0. 20 40 60 80 100 genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. Time of sampling (minutes) On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is…arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license